102 citations
,
July 2020 in “International journal of molecular sciences” Hormones like testosterone and estrogen significantly affect hair growth and structure.
September 2025 in “Cosmetics” Genetic profiling can improve androgenetic alopecia treatment by predicting drug response and minimizing side effects.
54 citations
,
April 2010 in “Baillière's best practice and research in clinical endocrinology and metabolism/Baillière's best practice & research. Clinical endocrinology & metabolism” Impaired androgen production in 46,XY DSDs causes ambiguous genitalia and requires long-term care.
January 2014 in “Side effects of drugs annual” Exposure to certain sex hormones can increase health risks, while some hormone therapies may offer benefits for specific conditions.
192 citations
,
October 1998 in “Experimental Dermatology” Androgenetic alopecia involves complex hair follicle changes and knowledge gaps remain.
January 2026 in “Journal of Sexual and Mental Health” New male contraceptive pills show promise in reducing sperm production with mild side effects.
22 citations
,
January 2001 in “Chemical & Pharmaceutical Bulletin” Some new progesterone derivatives are better at blocking testosterone conversion than a common drug.
1 citations
,
April 2016 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology” Prostaglandin D2 increases testosterone levels in skin cells through reactive oxygen species, not enzymes, which could lead to new hair loss treatments.
30 citations
,
January 2008 in “The Aging Male” The study found no link between baldness patterns and androgen levels in men with benign prostate enlargement or prostate cancer.
7 citations
,
July 1981 in “Clinical and Experimental Dermatology” The normalized androgen ratio can help manage conditions with excess androgen activity in women.
12 citations
,
August 2000 in “Fertility and Sterility” Topical finasteride doesn't reduce DHT levels, hinting at an endocrine role in hair loss.
April 2017 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology” Found new possible treatments for hair loss.
3 citations
,
February 2019 in “Journal of Cosmetic Dermatology” The effects of estrogen on human scalp hair growth are unclear and need more research.
38 citations
,
October 1996 in “Dermatologic Clinics” Certain hormone treatments can improve acne and related conditions in women.
42 citations
,
April 2009 in “Human Genetics” A specific genetic mutation may increase male pattern baldness risk, especially in Europeans.
34 citations
,
December 1991 in “Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences” Differences in enzyme activity and androgen receptors in hair follicles may explain why hair loss appears differently in men and women.
10 citations
,
February 2020 in “Endocrine” Finasteride safely treats hair loss without harming hormones or reproduction, but may slightly reduce sexual function.
122 citations
,
November 2010 in “Journal of Dermatological Science” Male pattern baldness involves hormones and cell signals affecting hair growth.
8 citations
,
March 2020 in “Metabolites” Finasteride treatment changes urine metabolomics and steroid signatures, potentially monitoring effectiveness but may cause sexual side effects.
Certain gut bacteria may protect against or increase the risk of hair loss.
147 citations
,
April 1990 in “The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism” Finasteride safely lowers DHT levels without affecting testosterone.
November 2024 in “Journal of Family Medicine and Primary Care” 5 alpha reductase inhibitors can cause sexual, cognitive, and muscle side effects, and may slightly increase aggressive cancer risk.
9 citations
,
April 2018 in “Biology of reproduction” Diet changes hormone levels in pregnant ewes by affecting metabolism, not placental synthesis.
22 citations
,
September 1994 in “The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism” Finasteride reduces dihydrotestosterone, increases testosterone, and may treat hirsutism in women.
3 citations
,
March 2018 in “BMC Cancer” Baldness, especially at the front, may lower the risk of testicular cancer by 31%, but its link to prostate cancer is unclear.
7 citations
,
October 1974 in “PubMed” Topical estrogens improved hair growth in about half of the patients.
37 citations
,
September 2018 in “Psychoneuroendocrinology” Finasteride treatment in male rats causes long-lasting effects on depression-like behavior, brain cell growth, inflammation, and gut bacteria composition.
20 citations
,
February 2002 in “Expert Opinion on Therapeutic Patents” New research is needed to create better drugs that block the enzyme responsible for conditions like male baldness and prostate enlargement.
October 2025 in “Skin Research and Technology”
14 citations
,
November 1982 in “British Journal of Dermatology” Testosterone conversion to 5α-DHT may not be essential for its effects on the skin.