49 citations
,
October 1988 in “The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism” Leuprolide effectively reduces hair growth in hirsute women at higher doses.
36 citations
,
May 2017 in “The journal of sexual medicine” Cyproterone acetate treatment is safe and causes mild feminization, which increases with added estrogen.
34 citations
,
November 2017 in “Gynecological Endocrinology” A transwoman developed a brain tumor after nine years of hormone therapy, suggesting a possible link between the treatment and tumor development.
31 citations
,
January 1989 in “The Prostate/The prostate” Estradiol and castration reduced prostate cancer development in rats when applied at early stages, but were ineffective after cancer was established.
25 citations
,
February 1977 in “American Journal of Veterinary Research” Increasing daylight to 16 hours in winter can make mares ovulate and cycle earlier.
22 citations
,
July 1990 in “Acta Dermato Venereologica” High levels of testosterone and dihydrotestosterone inhibit hair cell growth, while high levels of estradiol promote it.
21 citations
,
January 2003 in “Skin pharmacology and physiology” Different skin cells process testosterone differently, and certain drugs can change this process, possibly helping treat acne and hair loss.
19 citations
,
October 2019 in “BMC Neuroscience” Blood hormone levels don't accurately show brain hormone levels in males.
18 citations
,
April 2009 in “Journal of Chromatography A” Detecting steroid esters in cattle hair is inconsistent and influenced by sampling factors.
14 citations
,
August 1943 in “Archives of Dermatology” Applying estradiol to skin causes local changes but not cancer.
11 citations
,
January 2014 in “The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism” Estrogen formation in hair roots affects hair growth and varies by site, gender, and age.
10 citations
,
July 2015 in “Veterinary Dermatology” Estradiol gel can cause hair loss in dogs.
10 citations
,
October 1992 in “Hormone and Metabolic Research” Finasteride safely lowers DHT levels without affecting hormone levels, helping with conditions like enlarged prostate, acne, and hair loss.
9 citations
,
May 2019 in “Experimental Cell Research” HPV genes and estradiol increase a cancer-related signaling pathway, which may be targeted for cervical cancer treatment.
9 citations
,
October 1991 in “Archives of Dermatological Research” Testosterone, DHT, and estradiol significantly affect hair cell growth.
5 citations
,
April 2018 in “Journal of Dermatological Science” Adjusting estradiol-ANGPT2 levels can promote hair growth in female pattern hair loss.
5 citations
,
January 1989 Testosterone and dihydrotestosterone slow hair cell growth, while estradiol has no effect.
2 citations
,
January 2023 in “Redox Report” Estradiol may protect ear cells from hearing loss caused by a chemotherapy drug by activating a protective pathway.
2 citations
,
April 2020 in “Clinical and experimental obstetrics & gynecology” Hair levels of estradiol and progesterone are higher in premenopausal than postmenopausal women, but the difference isn't statistically significant, indicating the need for a better measurement method.
1 citations
,
October 2020 Hair can reliably measure average estradiol levels over months in humans and monkeys.
1 citations
,
May 2014 in “European Journal of Inflammation” A lotion with minoxidil, hydrocortisone butyrate, and 17a-estradiol can improve or stabilize Frontal Fibrosing Alopecia in some cases, but there's no universally-accepted treatment yet.
October 2025 in “Journal of the Endocrine Society” The patient was satisfied with hormone therapy, and her epilepsy remained stable.
January 2024 in “International journal of molecular sciences” A brain-made hormone can protect against memory-related brain damage caused by harmful proteins.
June 2022 in “Journal of Experimental Biology and Agricultural Sciences” Higher testosterone harms sperm motility, while higher estradiol improves sperm survival.
May 2021 in “Journal of the Endocrine Society” Transgender females can reach their target estrogen levels using estradiol patches, especially if oral treatments fail or if they're at risk for blood clots. Often, the highest dose patch is needed.
January 2021 in “Figshare” Tiny lipid particles carrying 17-α-estradiol gather in hair follicles, which may help target alopecia treatment.
January 2020 in “Journal of the Brazilian Chemical Society” Tiny lipid particles loaded with a hormone gather in hair follicles, which may help treat hair loss.
August 2019 in “Journal of archaeological science: Reports/Journal of archaeological science: reports” Ancient hair can preserve hormones, revealing health and fertility insights.
The treatment changed hormone levels and increased sexual behavior in female capuchin monkeys.
A new lipid-based formula using myristyl myristate can improve estradiol treatment for hair loss.