67 citations
,
January 2007 in “Climacteric” Estrogens and SERMs can help with skin aging, but their safety and effectiveness need more research.
24 citations
,
January 1989 in “Archives of biochemistry and biophysics” Male rats have androgen receptors in their liver, which are different from proteins that bind estrogen.
8 citations
,
January 1998 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology” Topical estrogen treatments did not change hair growth in certain mouse strains, questioning previous findings on their role in hair growth control.
July 2025 in “The Egyptian Journal of Hospital Medicine” Estrogen affects hair growth, and GPER-1 levels might help identify hair loss types.
July 2021 in “Archives of Dermatological Research” Alopecia patients have less GPER-1, which might affect hair loss.
18 citations
,
February 2012 in “Experimental Dermatology” No link found between specific genes and female pattern hair loss.
11 citations
,
September 2021 in “Journal of molecular endocrinology” ERβ has potential in treating prostate cancer and neurodegenerative diseases, but human studies are needed before clinical use.
13 citations
,
May 2021 in “FASEB bioAdvances” Plant-based products can improve hair and skin health without harmful side effects.
7 citations
,
September 2023 in “Cancer Treatment Reviews” Managing side effects of endocrine therapy is crucial to improve adherence and survival in breast cancer patients.
July 2025 in “Reproductive Biology and Endocrinology” Early androgen exposure affects hormone receptor expression in adult female rats' brains, but not in males.
149 citations
,
January 2011 in “Nature reviews. Urology” Hormonal interactions, especially involving DHT and estrogen, play a key role in BPH development and treatment.
14 citations
,
December 2010 in “Seminars in Oncology” Rare adrenal cancers that secrete androgens or estrogens have a poor prognosis and are treated primarily with surgery.
4 citations
,
August 2019 in “General and Comparative Endocrinology” Male yak hair growth is influenced by DHT synthesis, which is promoted by 5α-red1 and AR during growth phases, while E2 may inhibit growth through ERα.
27 citations
,
April 1998 in “American Journal of Dermatopathology” Estrogen and progesterone don't directly affect hair growth in androgenic alopecia and alopecia areata.
19 citations
,
March 1998 in “Endocrinology” Male rats have more somatostatin neurons than females due to testosterone converting to estrogen during early development.
1 citations
,
February 2022 in “The Journal of Urology” Certain drugs like Dutasteride and Finasteride might help fight SARS-CoV-2 by increasing levels of a steroid called DHEA, which can protect the heart and increase nitric oxide to counteract the virus.
January 2019 in “ISGE series” Estrogen helps prevent artery plaque by stopping monocyte capture in blood vessels.
March 2010 in “Ejc Supplements” CK 5/6 expression in breast cancer is linked to negative hormone receptor status and higher tumor grade.
March 2010 in “Ejc Supplements” ROR-alpha may increase the growth of certain breast cancer cells by boosting aromatase, which could affect breast cancer prognosis.
December 2015 in “OPAL (Open@LaTrobe) (La Trobe University)” Estrogen speeds up hair follicle cell death, causing early hair growth cycle changes, but only if a specific receptor is present.
158 citations
,
June 2017 in “Maturitas” Estrogen helps improve skin aging and healing, especially in post-menopausal women.
December 2025 in “Pakistan Journal of Health Sciences” Estrogen deficiency in postmenopausal women can cause skin and hair issues, but local estrogen therapies help improve vaginal health.
May 2013 in “UTUPub (University of Turku)” Including androgens in hormone therapy may lower breast cancer risk.
59 citations
,
January 2005 in “Endocrine Journal” Sex steroids influence skin appendage function and neoplasm development, with changes in AR and ERalpha in certain gland neoplasms.
187 citations
,
December 2005 in “Experimental Dermatology” Estrogens can improve skin aging but carry risks; more research is needed on safer treatments.
93 citations
,
February 2009 in “Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences” 5α‐reductase isozymes are crucial for prostate development and health, and targeting them can help prevent and treat prostate issues.
97 citations
,
April 2016 in “Andrology” Hormones and metabolism play a complex role in prostate enlargement, and more research is needed to improve diagnosis and treatment.
30 citations
,
December 2001 in “Journal of The European Academy of Dermatology and Venereology” Hormonal therapy is a good option for women with severe acne, especially when there's a chance of hormone imbalance.
9 citations
,
February 2022 in “Biomedicines” Testosterone treatment may change estrogen receptor methylation in AFAB individuals.
10 citations
,
December 2017 in “Chemosphere” Bisphenol-A (BPA) increases connections between brain cells and boosts their activity, but it blocks the effects of a male hormone on brain cell plasticity.