238 citations
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February 2007 in “Journal of Neuroscience” Ovarian and stress hormones can change GABA A receptors through neurosteroids.
2 citations
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March 1976 in “PubMed” Neogynon effectively prevents pregnancy but may cause side effects like headaches and menstrual changes.
14 citations
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March 2017 in “Brain research” Progesterone and its byproducts control a specific receptor in the brain independently of progesterone receptors, affecting conditions related to the menstrual cycle.
Choose oral contraceptives with specific side effects to manage issues like acne and avoid unwanted effects.
63 citations
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January 2012 in “The European Journal of Contraception & Reproductive Health Care” Some birth control pills have a higher risk of blood clots than others.
16 citations
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November 2011 in “Neuroscience Letters” Progesterone protects brain cells by converting to allopregnanolone and involving GABAA receptors.
11 citations
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May 2024 in “Reproductive Biology and Endocrinology” Fetal ovaries produce different hormones than adult ovaries, and endocrine-disrupting chemicals may affect this process.
19 citations
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March 1994 in “Fertility and sterility” The combination therapy reduced hirsutism in women with PCOD and was well-tolerated.
4 citations
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August 2024 in “PLoS ONE” Both injectable contraceptives lower testosterone and SHBG levels, with NET-EN having a greater effect than DMPA-IM.
11 citations
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October 1986 in “International Journal of Gynecology & Obstetrics” The contraceptive reduced hair growth and altered hormone levels in hirsute women.
January 2011 in “Yearbook of Endocrinology” 74 citations
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December 1995 in “The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism” Leuprolide plus estrogen is more effective than oral contraceptives for reducing hirsutism.
4 citations
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January 2025 in “International Journal of Molecular Sciences” Progesterone reduces anxiety and depression in female mice by increasing BDNF in the brain, needing 5α-reduction and estradiol.
61 citations
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January 2017 in “Human Reproduction Open” The review recommends hormone replacement therapy for women with premature ovarian insufficiency to manage symptoms and protect health, with specific approaches for different groups.
3 citations
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October 1993 in “Endocrinology”
March 2024 in “BMC women's health” The levonorgestrel implant increases free testosterone and lowers SHBG more than DMPA-IM and the copper IUD.
March 2022 in “Scientific Journal of Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences” Oral contraceptives with desogestrel and drospirenone improve PCOS symptoms.
April 2020 in “Research Square (Research Square)” Oral contraceptives with cyproterone acetate improved quality of life for women with PCOS more than those with levonorgestrel.
37 citations
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May 2018 in “Transgender health” Oral estradiol works for many transgender women but needs personalized dosing and monitoring.
2 citations
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November 2025 in “Journal of Ovarian Research” Reducing granulosa cell pyroptosis may improve oocyte maturation in PCOS.
January 2004 in “Online Publication Service of Würzburg University (Würzburg University)” Women with PCOS have higher 5alpha-reductase activity, affecting steroid levels.
11 citations
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November 2009 in “Journal of steroid biochemistry and molecular biology/The Journal of steroid biochemistry and molecular biology” Bolandiol, a synthetic steroid, builds muscle and bone without greatly affecting sex glands, and works differently from other hormones.
6 citations
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October 1993 in “Endocrinology” Finasteride blocks progesterone production in specific tumor cells, potentially causing side effects.
November 2025 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology” Estetrol may help prevent hair loss and support hair growth in women.
41 citations
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November 2003 in “Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences” Male hormones, or androgens, affect women's health in areas like mood and bone density, and hormone replacement therapy using antiandrogenic progestogens can improve mood disorders and alertness in menopausal women.
43 citations
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July 2003 in “Andrology” Hormonal male contraception is effective and could be market-ready, but more research is needed to ensure safety for all ethnic groups.
20 citations
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April 2009 in “Fertility and Sterility” 1 citations
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December 2025 in “Baylor University Medical Center Proceedings” Leuprolide may better manage cholesterol and blood pressure in PCOS than spironolactone.
April 2023 in “The journal of investigative dermatology/Journal of investigative dermatology” Estetrol may help prevent hair loss and promote hair growth in women.
9 citations
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December 1987 in “European journal of endocrinology” The treatment significantly reduced hair growth and male hormone levels in hirsute women.