41 citations
,
June 2022 in “Biomedicines” PCOS should be reclassified into two types based on hormone levels and symptoms.
1 citations
,
March 2012 in “Journal of Dermatological Science” Testosterone, progesterone, and levonorgestrel change enzyme levels related to fat production in hamster skin, which could affect skin oil and acne.
4 citations
,
September 2013 in “Expert Review of Endocrinology & Metabolism” Different types of polycystic ovary syndrome show varying levels of insulin resistance, with the 'PHO' type being the most insulin resistant.
February 2026 in “Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)” Hirsutism and acne indicate high androgen levels in women with PCOS, and early treatment can improve symptoms and quality of life.
51 citations
,
November 2011 in “Reproductive Biology and Endocrinology” About 13% of women had idiopathic hirsutism and 8.5% had polycystic ovary syndrome in a group of Iranian women.
1 citations
,
July 2024 in “Journal of Medical and Life Science” Hormones, genes, and oxidative stress interact to cause hirsutism and PCOS.
6 citations
,
January 2016 in “Menopause” Estrogen deficiency, like after menopause or certain surgeries, leads to faster skin aging and health issues.
November 2023 in “L'Endocrinologo” Women with PCOS are more likely to experience sexual dysfunction, but lifestyle changes and weight loss can improve sexual function.
3 citations
,
January 2025 in “Journal of Research in Medical Sciences” Intermittent fasting, with or without probiotics, doesn't improve inflammation or stress markers in women with PCOS compared to calorie restriction.
30 citations
,
February 1996 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology”
May 2021 in “Journal of the Endocrine Society” A rare ovarian cancer with a good outlook was found in a woman with unusual hair growth and abdominal symptoms.
April 2016 in “The FASEB Journal” Blocking androgen receptors early in life increases estrogen levels and reduces sexual motivation in male rats.
September 2019 in “Mağallaẗ Tikrīt li-l-ʻulūm al-ṣirfaẗ” Women with PCOS have higher levels of certain hormones compared to healthy women, and these levels vary with BMI, age, and treatment type.
92 citations
,
February 2005 in “Endocrinology” Estrogen receptors affect hair growth, with ER beta slowing down the hair cycle changes caused by ER alpha.
3 citations
,
May 2016 in “Dermatology Online Journal” Changing estrogen levels during menopause might affect genes related to body rhythms and cause increased hair loss.
45 citations
,
January 2006 in “Endocrine journal” To diagnose Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome, two out of three signs—irregular periods, high male hormone levels, or cysts on the ovaries—are needed.
15 citations
,
June 1986 in “Pediatric Dermatology” Androgens increase pigmentation in young hamsters, but estrogens can reverse this effect.
1 citations
,
December 2025 in “Baylor University Medical Center Proceedings” Leuprolide may better manage cholesterol and blood pressure in PCOS than spironolactone.
77 citations
,
April 2004 in “Gene expression patterns” The three estrogen receptor genes are highly expressed in zebrafish neuromasts during development.
January 2022 in “Figshare” Melatonin affects when and how certain genes work during the different stages of goat hair growth.
169 citations
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August 2004 in “Baillière's best practice & research. Clinical obstetrics & gynaecology/Baillière's best practice and research in clinical obstetrics and gynaecology” Lower doses of treatments for hirsutism and acne in PCOS are effective and cause fewer side effects.
October 2025 in “Minerva Obstetrics and Gynecology” Choosing the right estroprogestin is crucial for effectively managing PCOS symptoms.
August 2023 in “International journal of reproduction, contraception, obstetrics and gynecology” PCOS is common in young women, especially those aged 21-30, and often involves symptoms like irregular periods, weight gain, and acne.
August 2022 in “Journal of Education Health and Sport” PCOS is common, affects hormones, and often diagnosed late, impacting women's quality of life.
7 citations
,
March 2025 in “Cytotechnology” 154 citations
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October 1996 in “Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America” Estrogen affects hair growth and skin cell multiplication.
Menopause is a clear hormonal transition in women, while men experience a gradual testosterone decline, with some needing lifestyle changes and targeted therapy.
April 2025 in “Experimental Eye Research” The Oat mouse model shows mild retinal degeneration, useful for testing treatments.
4 citations
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December 2013 in “British Journal of Dermatology” ESR2 gene linked to female-pattern hair loss.