February 2026 in “Research Society and Development” PCOS is a common disorder in women causing symptoms like irregular periods and infertility, and requires early diagnosis and treatment.
October 2024 in “Journal of the Endocrine Society” Hirsutism in young girls can have causes other than PCOS, so diagnoses should be reassessed if treatments don't work.
July 2022 in “International journal of medical science and clinical invention” Women with irregular periods should be checked for PCOS and treated early to prevent complications, with birth control pills helping to manage symptoms.
20 citations
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March 1975 in “Clinics in Endocrinology and Metabolism”
14 citations
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September 2015 in “Expert Opinion on Therapeutic Targets” The conclusion is that while oral contraceptive pills are effective for PCOS-related high androgen levels, new treatments with fewer side effects are needed.
1 citations
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December 2025 in “Baylor University Medical Center Proceedings” Leuprolide may better manage cholesterol and blood pressure in PCOS than spironolactone.
9 citations
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May 2008 in “Journal of Clinical Oncology” A woman's ovarian tumor causing high testosterone was successfully removed, and her symptoms improved.
Skin issues in women with PCOS are linked to hormone imbalances and can help diagnose the condition early.
January 2022 in “Figshare” Melatonin affects when and how certain genes work during the growth of goat hair follicles.
January 2025 in “Directory of Open access Books (OAPEN Foundation)” PCOS affects women's hormones and metabolism, but can be managed with lifestyle changes and treatments.
November 2022 in “Journal of the Endocrine Society” A woman's masculine features were caused by a rare ovarian tumor that produced male hormones.
6 citations
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September 1998 in “The Journal of The British Menopause Society” Testosterone replacement may help postmenopausal women with sexual function and bone density, but suitable treatments are limited.
Delta-opioid receptors affect skin cell circadian rhythms, possibly impacting wound healing and cancer.
November 2022 in “Journal of the Endocrine Society” A transman experienced lasting virilization symptoms after stopping testosterone, which were resolved with estradiol treatment.
August 2025 in “Journal of Pediatric Endocrinology and Metabolism” A rare ovarian tumor in a 2-year-old girl was successfully removed, normalizing her hormone levels.
43 citations
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April 2011 in “AJP Endocrinology and Metabolism” Androgens increase muscle mass by promoting myoblast growth through ornithine decarboxylase.
30 citations
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February 2003 in “Annals of Neurology” Progesterone and related compounds may help control seizures linked to the menstrual cycle but have limitations that need addressing.
11 citations
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June 2005 in “Veterinary Dermatology” Canine hair follicle cells convert progesterone into various metabolites, mainly cortisol.
414 citations
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August 2005 in “The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism” Polycystic ovary syndrome costs the U.S. over $4 billion a year, mainly from treating related health issues.
13 citations
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October 2022 in “Reproductive Biology and Endocrinology” A new hyaluronan-based biomatrix successfully supports the growth of mouse ovarian follicles, producing healthy eggs.
28 citations
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April 2013 in “Fertility and Sterility” Caucasian and Asian women with PCOS generally show similar symptoms, except Asian women have less chest hair.
38 citations
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June 2004 in “Human Reproduction” The document suggests that clinical trials for PCOS should focus on meaningful primary outcomes like live birth rates, rather than less reliable surrogate markers.
7 citations
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October 2012 in “S. Karger AG eBooks” Some conditions mimic PCOS symptoms and need careful diagnosis to treat potentially serious health issues.
1 citations
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November 2024 in “World Journal of Biology Pharmacy and Health Sciences” Women with PCOS have different hormone levels compared to those without PCOS.
18 citations
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March 2015 in “Journal of Endocrinological Investigation” The research suggests that the ZP4 gene is linked to egg development in women with PCOS but requires more study to understand its role in infertility.
1 citations
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March 2012 in “Journal of Dermatological Science” Testosterone, progesterone, and levonorgestrel change enzyme levels related to fat production in hamster skin, which could affect skin oil and acne.
60 citations
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June 2007 in “Pharmacology Biochemistry and Behavior” Blocking progesterone metabolism can cause depression-like behavior in mice.
January 2022 in “Figshare” Melatonin affects when and how certain genes work during the growth of goat hair follicles.
April 2019 in “Journal of the Endocrine Society” A woman's severe insulin resistance improved with treatment, but she still had high testosterone levels due to ovarian issues.
May 2021 in “Journal of the Endocrine Society” Adolescents with PCOS have higher levels of certain androgens, which are linked to hair growth but don't help diagnose PCOS better than testosterone levels.