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May 2019 in “Cosmetics” The hair cuticle is made of tough proteins that protect the hair, but more research is needed to fully understand its structure.
2 citations
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May 2022 in “International journal of trichology” Plica neuropathica is a tangled hair condition that may be caused by hair damage or psychiatric issues and is treated by cutting the hair and addressing mental health.
3 citations
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January 1998 in “ACTA HISTOCHEMICA ET CYTOCHEMICA” Hair keratins are mainly on macrofibrils in the cortex and in the endocuticle in the cuticle.
October 2023 in “CRC Press eBooks” Children with darker skin can have various hair and nail issues.
K15 and Id3 are important in hair follicle regeneration, with K15 increasing in early stages and Id3 responding later.
March 2025 in “International Journal of Trichology” Trichodaganomania involves biting one's hair and needs combined psychological and medical treatment.
26 citations
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April 1988 in “Differentiation” Human and bovine hair follicles have distinct cytokeratins specific to hair-forming cells.
7 citations
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March 1986 in “British Veterinary Journal” Canine skin has two main layers: the epidermis and dermis, with a supportive subcutis layer.
18 citations
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January 1992 in “Dermatology” A 4-year-old girl has a rare condition causing hairlessness and skin bumps, but normal teeth and sweating.
1 citations
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January 1963 in “The Anatomical Record” Glyceride levels in mouse skin are higher during hair growth.
June 2020 in “bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory)” The HoxC gene cluster and its enhancers are essential for developing hair and nails in mammals.
38 citations
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October 2001 in “British Journal of Dermatology” Keratin K6irs is a marker for the inner root sheath of hair follicles in mice and humans.
Thicker hair resists fungal damage better, and hair color doesn't affect susceptibility.
41 citations
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July 1994 in “Journal of Dermatological Science” Hair follicle cells need complex interactions to fully differentiate.
July 2019 in “Indian dermatology online journal” Alopecia areata can show unusual red-dotted vessels and dithranol treatment may mask typical patterns.
7 citations
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December 1970 in “Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Protein Structure” 276 citations
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January 2005 in “International review of cytology” More research is needed to understand how hair keratins work and their role in hair disorders.
February 2010 in “Journal of The American Academy of Dermatology” A woman's nail separation was likely caused by poor blood flow, and a treatment for similar conditions might help.
January 1997 in “Elsevier eBooks” Hair and nails are skin parts that develop early and serve protective and functional roles.
40 citations
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March 2017 in “The journal of investigative dermatology/Journal of investigative dermatology” Growing hair follicles have high mitochondrial activity and ROS in specific regions, aiding hair formation.
60 citations
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August 2009 in “Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology” The term "porokeratotic adnexal ostial nevus" is proposed to unify overlapping skin conditions involving eccrine and hair follicles.
March 2021 in “Revista da Associação Médica Brasileira” Spiny keratoderma is a rare skin condition with small spines on palms and soles, possibly linked to abnormal hair formation.
October 2012 in “Indian Journal of Dermatology, Venereology and Leprology” 10 citations
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January 2013 in “International Journal of Trichology” Systemic steroids effectively treated severe nail issues in a card illusionist with alopecia areata.
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November 1958 in “The Journal of Cell Biology” A unique skin cell similar to hair bulb melanocytes was identified, with better preservation using permanganate fixation.