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GlossaryOral Bioavailability

proportion of a substance absorbed into the bloodstream when ingested

Oral bioavailability refers to the proportion of a drug or substance that enters the bloodstream when it is taken by mouth and becomes available for use or storage in the body. It is a critical factor in determining the correct dosage for medications, as it affects how much of the active ingredient actually reaches the target tissues.

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Self-Microemulsifying Systems of Finasteride with Enhanced Oral Bioavailability: Multivariate Statistical Evaluation, Characterization, Spray-Drying and In Vivo Studies in Human Volunteers

research Self-microemulsifying systems of Finasteride with enhanced oral bioavailability: multivariate statistical evaluation, characterization, spray-drying and in vivo studies in human volunteers

39 citations , November 2015 in “Nanomedicine”

Improved Finasteride delivery for hair loss treatment.

research Design of a gelatin microparticle-containing self-microemulsifying formulation for enhanced oral bioavailability of dutasteride

16 citations , June 2015 in “Drug Design Development and Therapy”

The new formulation improves dutasteride's absorption when taken orally.

Optimization and Characterization of Cuscuta Reflexa Extract Loaded Phytosomes by the Box-Behnken Design to Improve the Oral Bioavailability

research Optimization and Characterization of Cuscuta reflexa Extract Loaded Phytosomes by the Box-Behnken Design to Improve the Oral Bioavailability

15 citations , January 2022 in “Journal of Oleo Science”

Phytosomal nanocarriers can significantly increase the bioavailability of Cuscuta reflexa extract.

research Advances of Non-Ionic Surfactant Vesicles (Niosomes) and Their Application in Drug Delivery

260 citations , January 2019 in “Pharmaceutics”

Niosomes are a promising, stable, and cost-effective drug delivery system with potential for improved targeting and safety.

research Reversal of Alopecia Areata Following Treatment With the JAK1/2 Inhibitor Baricitinib

184 citations , February 2015 in “EBioMedicine”

A patient with Alopecia Areata had complete hair regrowth after using the drug baricitinib.

Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenase (17β-HSD3, 17β-HSD5, and 3α-HSD3) Inhibitors: Extragonadal Regulation of Intracellular Sex Steroid Hormone Levels

research Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenase (17β -HSD3, 17β-HSD5, and 3α-HSD3) Inhibitors:Extragonadal Regulation of Intracellular Sex Steroid Hormone Levels

20 citations , June 2007 in “Recent Patents on Endocrine, Metabolic & Immune Drug Discovery”

Certain inhibitors can potentially treat prostate cancer and other hormone-dependent conditions by controlling sex hormone levels in cells.

research Phytosome Based Drug Delivery of Naringenin and Naringin: Development, Characterization, and In Vivo Evaluation

October 2025 in “Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical Research and Development”

Phytosome technology improves the absorption and effectiveness of citrus flavonoids.

research Nanocarriers for Improved Delivery of Angiotensin-(1-7)

January 2015 in “Elsevier eBooks”

Nanocarriers like liposomes and cyclodextrins improve how angiotensin-(1-7) is delivered in the body.

research Microemulsions as Carriers for Therapeutic Molecules

9 citations , November 2009 in “Recent Patents on Drug Delivery & Formulation”

Microemulsions could improve how drugs are delivered and absorbed in the body.

research Effects of Turmeric (Curcuma longa) on Skin Health: A Systematic Review of the Clinical Evidence

136 citations , May 2016 in “Phytotherapy Research”

Turmeric may have benefits for skin health, but more research is needed to confirm its effectiveness.

research Solid lipid nanoparticles: a promising technology for delivery of poorly water-soluble drugs

12 citations , January 2018 in “Acta pharmaceutica sciencia”

Solid lipid nanoparticles can improve how well drugs that don't dissolve in water work and are safe.

research Key considerations of injectable minoxidil for alopecia

March 2025 in “Archives of Dermatological Research”

Injectable minoxidil may be effective for hair loss but is costly and requires more research.

research Injectable Minoxidil for Hair Loss Disorders: A Systematic Review

November 2024 in “Journal of Drugs in Dermatology”

Injectable minoxidil is a promising, effective treatment for hair loss.

Vitamin D in Dermatology and Cosmetology

research Dermatoloji ve Kozmetolojide D Vitamini

June 2022

Vitamin D is crucial for skin health and managing skin diseases.

research Gingival Hyperplasia Secondary to Everolimus Therapy

January 2010 in “Actas Dermo-Sifiliográficas”

A woman developed thick gums from everolimus treatment after a kidney transplant.

research Bioequivalence of two kinds of finasterides tablets in healthy volunteers

January 2004 in “Chinese Journal of New Drugs and Clinical Remedies”

The two finasteride tablet brands are bioequivalent.

research NEW STRATEGIES FOR THE USE OF TOPICAL PRODUCTS IN THE TREATMENT OF ANDROGENETIC ALOPECIA

January 2022 in “International Journal of Health Science”

Topical products, especially specific shampoos, are effective in treating androgenetic alopecia by delivering active ingredients to hair follicles and improving hair quality.

research Bioavailability Enhancement of Cepharanthine via Pulmonary Administration in Rats and Its Therapeutic Potential for Pulmonary Fibrosis Associated with COVID-19 Infection

14 citations , April 2022 in “Molecules”

Pulmonary delivery of cepharanthine significantly improves its effectiveness and shows promise for treating lung fibrosis linked to COVID-19.

research Bioavailability File: Bicalutamide

August 2025 in “Fabad Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences”

Bicalutamide effectively treats prostate cancer but needs careful monitoring for side effects.

research Oral Testosterone With and Without Concomitant Inhibition of 5α-Reductase by Dutasteride in Hypogonadal Men for 28 Days

11 citations , December 2010 in “The Journal of Urology”

Taking oral testosterone with or without dutasteride increases testosterone levels and could be an effective treatment for low testosterone.

research P.08: Development of dissolving microneedles containing finasteride with improved permeability and bioavailability.

October 2025 in “Transplantation”

Dissolving microneedles with finasteride improve drug delivery for hair loss treatment.

Efficacy and Safety of Oral Versus Topical Minoxidil in the Treatment of Androgenetic Alopecia

research Eficácia e Segurança do Minoxidil Oral versus Tópico no Tratamento da Alopecia Androgenética

March 2025

Oral minoxidil can be more comfortable and effective than topical, but treatment should be personalized.

research Vesicular Carriers for Improved Oral Anticoagulation Competence of Rivaroxaban: In Vitro and In Vivo Investigation

2 citations , November 2024 in “AAPS PharmSciTech”

Spanlastic formulations improve rivaroxaban's oral anticoagulation efficiency.

research pH-Responsive Nanogels from Bioinspired Comb-like Polymers with Hydrophobic Grafts for Effective Oral Delivery

1 citations , October 2025 in “Gels”

Nanogels with hydrophobic modifications improve oral drug delivery for intestinal disease treatment.

research Formulation and evaluation of self-nanoemulsifying drug delivery system for improved oral delivery of exemestane hydrochloride

4 citations , March 2023 in “IP International Journal of Comprehensive and Advanced Pharmacology”

The new drug delivery system improves exemestane's absorption and effectiveness.

research Design and Characterization of Baricitinib Incorporated PLA 3D Printed Pills by Fused Deposition Modeling: An Oral Pill for Treating Alopecia Areata

2 citations , April 2023 in “Polymers”

The study created 3D-printed pills that effectively release a hair loss treatment drug over 24 hours.

research Repositioning study of flubendazole for treating lung cancer and meningoencephalitis using an oral lipid nanosystem

June 2023

Flubendazole in a nanoemulsion can potentially treat lung cancer and cryptococcal meningitis effectively and safely.

research Bioequivalence Study of Finasteride Tablets in Healthy Volunteers

January 2003 in “The Chinese Journal of Clinical Pharmacology”

The two finasteride tablets are bioequivalent.

research Dienogest

64 citations , January 1998 in “Drugs”

Dienogest combined with ethinylestradiol is a highly effective birth control that improves menstrual symptoms and has manageable side effects.

research Recent Trends and Future Prospects of Phytosomes: A Concise Review

11 citations , January 2024 in “Indian Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences”

Phytosomes improve the body's absorption of plant extracts for better health benefits.