Harnessing Milk-Derived Extracellular Vesicles for Oral Drug Delivery and Therapeutic Application

Milk-derived extracellular vesicles (MDEVs) are promising carriers for oral drug delivery due to their biocompatibility, stability, and natural cell-targeting capabilities. They maintain structural integrity in the gastrointestinal tract, enhancing bioavailability and crossing the intestinal barrier, making them suitable for regenerative medicine, including skin wound healing, hair regeneration, and treating inflammatory diseases. MDEVs can deliver therapeutic agents like siRNA for inflammatory bowel disease and cancer treatments. Challenges include the need for standardized production and improved drug encapsulation efficiency, with future research needed to enhance MDEV-based therapies.