855 citations
,
June 2009 in “The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism” The guideline recommends mental health involvement in diagnosing gender identity disorder and outlines hormone and surgical treatment protocols, emphasizing safety, informed consent, and long-term monitoring.
187 citations
,
December 2005 in “Experimental Dermatology” Estrogens can improve skin aging but carry risks; more research is needed on safer treatments.
59 citations
,
February 2021 in “BMJ” High doses of cyproterone acetate increase the risk of brain tumors in women, but the risk decreases after stopping the medication.
53 citations
,
October 1984 in “Endocrine reviews” Excessive hair growth in women often has no known cause and is not linked to race or other hormonal symptoms.
35 citations
,
May 2012 in “Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews” Minoxidil effectively treats female pattern hair loss.
23 citations
,
January 2013 in “Indian Journal of Dermatology, Venereology and Leprology” FPHL causes hair loss in women due to genetics and hormones; minoxidil and anti-androgens are treatments, and early intervention is advised.
21 citations
,
May 2016 in “The Cochrane library” Topical minoxidil helps treat female pattern hair loss, but more research needed for other treatments.
19 citations
,
February 2012 in “International Journal of Urology” In Japan, sex reassignment surgery for gender identity disorder faces challenges and needs better medical support and education.
18 citations
,
February 2006 in “Brain & development” A patient with Satoyoshi syndrome improved with a treatment combining several medications, including carbamazepine and methotrexate.
11 citations
,
February 2013 in “Clinical Endocrinology” A small number of premenopausal female blood donors had high prolactin levels, often due to stress, and retesting is recommended to prevent misdiagnosis.
10 citations
,
January 2015 in “Przeglad Menopauzalny” Progestogens are essential in menopausal hormone therapy to prevent uterine cancer and must be chosen carefully based on individual needs.
10 citations
,
May 2009 in “Sexual and Relationship Therapy” The document concludes that hormone therapy is essential for treating gender dysphoria, with specific drugs and monitoring protocols recommended for safety and effectiveness.
2 citations
,
March 2004 in “Reviews in Gynaecological Practice” Hormonal changes and psychological issues can cause sexual dysfunction in postmenopausal women. Behavioral therapy is recommended first, with hormone replacement helping some symptoms but not libido. Testosterone can improve libido, but its effects on overall sexual function are unclear. Emotional and relationship issues should be addressed before using medication, and the benefits and risks of testosterone supplementation should be considered.
1 citations
,
December 2025 in “American Journal of Clinical Dermatology” Menopause influences skin conditions, and hormone therapy should be considered in treatment.
1 citations
,
July 2015 in “Cambridge University Press eBooks” Testosterone therapy can improve sexual function in women but long-term safety is unclear.
1 citations
,
March 2012 in “Journal of Dermatological Science” Testosterone, progesterone, and levonorgestrel change enzyme levels related to fat production in hamster skin, which could affect skin oil and acne.
March 2026 in “Cleveland Clinic Journal of Medicine” PCOS diagnosis and management have improved with new guidelines for personalized care.
Plant compounds may help manage PCOS, endometriosis, and menstrual issues.
January 2025 in “International Journal of Pharmaceutical Research and Applications” PCOS causes hormonal imbalance, leading to symptoms like irregular periods and infertility.
January 2025 in “Directory of Open access Books (OAPEN Foundation)” PCOS affects women's hormones and metabolism, but can be managed with lifestyle changes and treatments.
December 2023 in “Research in pharmacy” Phytotherapeutic compounds and supplements can help manage Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome (PCOS).
January 2023 in “Archives of Disease in Childhood Education & Practice” Hirsutism in teens is often due to polycystic ovarian syndrome and needs careful assessment and support.
January 2020 in “Research Portal Denmark” A short male anogenital distance may indicate incomplete masculinization due to disrupted androgen action.
January 2015 in “Side effects of drugs annual” The document concludes that sex hormones and related compounds have various effects on health, with both potential benefits and risks.
158 citations
,
February 2000 in “Archives of dermatology” Some people with pattern hair loss may also have scalp inflammation and scarring similar to lichen planopilaris.
23 citations
,
March 2019 in “Environmental Chemistry Letters” Cyclodextrins improve how steroid drugs work and are used in marketed medications and environmental applications.
19 citations
,
May 1992 in “International Journal of Dermatology” Some alternative vitiligo treatments show promise, but none are as effective as psoralens and UVA.
7 citations
,
January 2019 in “Headache” Hormone therapy may increase migraines in transgender women and decrease them in transgender men; more research is needed on migraine management in transgender individuals.
3 citations
,
January 2016 in “Elsevier eBooks” Steroid hormones are crucial for body functions and have various medical uses, but their misuse can lead to dependence.
Fetal environments contain various chemicals that may disrupt hormones.