25 citations
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August 2006 in “Human Reproduction” Oral contraceptives lower testosterone levels in women, especially those with certain genetic traits, and may be linked to increased breast cancer risk.
Oral lichen planus is not linked to sex hormone levels.
November 2022 in “Journal of the Endocrine Society” Taking biotin can lead to incorrect low results in free testosterone tests.
1 citations
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May 2025 in “Scientific Reports” Sex hormones do not cause oral lichen planus.
11 citations
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April 2020 in “Andrology” Testosterone replacement therapy, especially intramuscular, raises PSA levels, but no overall link between PSA and testosterone was found except in non-BPH patients.
1 citations
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September 2025 in “International Journal of Drug Delivery Technology” Ecklonia cava improves the effectiveness of Diane-35 in managing PCOS symptoms.
November 2022 in “Journal of the Endocrine Society” A transman experienced lasting virilization symptoms after stopping testosterone, which were resolved with estradiol treatment.
July 2020 in “International Journal of Research” High testosterone increases heart disease risk in women with PCOS.
74 citations
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December 1995 in “The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism” Leuprolide plus estrogen is more effective than oral contraceptives for reducing hirsutism.
62 citations
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December 1995 in “The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism” Combining a GnRH agonist with a low-dose oral contraceptive is more effective and safer for treating hirsutism than using either alone.
37 citations
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May 2018 in “Transgender health” Oral estradiol works for many transgender women but needs personalized dosing and monitoring.
20 citations
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December 1994 in “Fertility and sterility” Flutamide combined with a low-dose birth control pill effectively reduces excessive hair growth in women with polycystic ovarian disease.
14 citations
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June 2015 in “Toxicology and Industrial Health” Low doses of BPA can increase prostate growth and change hormone levels in adult rats.
11 citations
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October 1986 in “International Journal of Gynecology & Obstetrics” The contraceptive reduced hair growth and altered hormone levels in hirsute women.
8 citations
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August 2021 in “Aging” Berberine may reduce prostate enlargement by blocking inflammation.
5 citations
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March 2010 in “Gynecologic and obstetric investigation” Cyproterone acetate implants were more effective at reducing facial hair and improving skin in severe hirsutism than oral treatment.
2 citations
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May 2019 in “PubMed” Oral finasteride and dutasteride may negatively affect erectile function in rats.
October 2023 in “Journal of the Endocrine Society” Losing weight and taking birth control pills can greatly improve severe male hormone excess in women with PCOS.
October 2022 in “Journal of the ASEAN Federation of Endocrine Societies” GnRH-a or orchiectomy is more effective than anti-androgens for managing hormone levels in transgender women.
Topical finasteride may better target hair follicles without significant benefits over oral form.
Spironolactone with an oral contraceptive improved hair growth in women with hirsutism.
10 citations
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April 2000 in “Archives of Oral Biology” Minocycline may cause hair loss by increasing DHT levels, but finasteride can help counteract this effect.
25 citations
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October 2019 in “Journal of Endocrinological Investigation” Both types of oral contraceptives improved symptoms and hormone levels in women with PCOS.
September 2025 in “Toxicology” Long-term use of finasteride and minoxidil may harm male reproductive health in mice.
May 2025 in “Veterinary Medicine and Science” Melatonin improved reproductive function in male Pomeranian dogs with Alopecia X, but more research is needed.
September 2024 in “Brazilian Journal of Case Reports” Clomiphene testing can help find ovarian causes of high testosterone in postmenopausal women.
68 citations
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May 1991 in “The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism/Journal of clinical endocrinology & metabolism” Both cyproterone acetate and spironolactone effectively reduce hair growth in women with hirsutism.
343 citations
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October 2015 in “Endocrine Practice” The guide recommends specific methods for diagnosing PCOS and various treatments for its symptoms, while considering the health impacts on adolescents.
64 citations
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January 1985 in “Clinical endocrinology” A combination of desogestrel and ethinyl oestradiol effectively reduces hair growth in hirsute women.
58 citations
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July 1974 in “The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism/Journal of clinical endocrinology & metabolism” Cyproterone acetate combined with ethinyl estradiol significantly reduced hirsutism in women.