March 2011 in “Journal of Dermatology” The conclusion is that a certain test might help find cancer spread in lymph nodes for melanoma patients, but more research is needed due to false positives.
20 citations
,
December 2021 in “Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology” Continuous treatment with ritlecitinib and brepocitinib is needed to maintain hair regrowth in alopecia areata.
5 citations
,
February 2008 in “Histopathology” 
April 2023 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology” Cyclosporin A, a drug, reduces TGF-β2 expression in skin cells, potentially causing excessive hair growth through a process involving the calcineurin/NFAT pathway.
February 2026 in “Annals of Case Reports” Tofacitinib helped a patient regrow hair after 40 years of total hair loss.
2 citations
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February 2018 in “InTech eBooks” TNF-alpha inhibitors can cause various immune-related skin issues.
55 citations
,
June 2014 in “Nature Communications” Tcf3 helps cells move and heal wounds by controlling lipocalin 2.
TGF-β1 and 2 in hair follicles may be linked to hair loss in AGA.
August 2024 in “International Journal of Molecular Sciences” Androgenetic alopecia involves immune cell disruptions, especially increased CD4+ T cells around hair follicles.
March 2025 in “Experimental Dermatology” Overexpression of IKZF1 and Ikaros causes hair loss in mice similar to alopecia areata.