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GlossaryParathyroid Hormone

regulates blood calcium levels by acting on bones, kidneys, and intestines

Parathyroid Hormone (PTH), also known as parathormone or parathyrin, is a hormone produced by the parathyroid glands, which are small glands located behind the thyroid in the neck. PTH plays a crucial role in regulating calcium levels in the blood by increasing calcium absorption in the intestines, releasing calcium from bones, and conserving calcium in the kidneys. This hormone is essential for maintaining bone health and proper functioning of the nervous and muscular systems.

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research The Parathyroid Hormone Second Receptor PTH2R and its Ligand Tuberoinfundibular Peptide of 39 Residues TIP39 Regulate Intracellular Calcium and Influence Keratinocyte Differentiation

24 citations , March 2016 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology”

TIP39 and PTH2R help control calcium levels and skin cell development.

Parathyroid Hormone-Related Protein and the PTH Receptor Regulate Angiogenesis of the Skin

research Parathyroid Hormone Hormone-Related Protein and the PTH Receptor Regulate Angiogenesis of the Skin

33 citations , May 2006 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology”

PTHrP and its receptor can control blood vessel growth and hair development in mouse skin.

research A Topical Parathyroid Hormone/Parathyroid Hormone-Related Peptide Receptor Antagonist Stimulates Hair Growth in Mice

26 citations , December 2006 in “Endocrinology”

A cream with a specific hormone blocker increases hair growth in mice.

research The Effect of Parathyroid Hormones on Hair Follicle Physiology: Implications for Treatment of Chemotherapy-Induced Alopecia

15 citations , January 2015 in “Skin Pharmacology and Physiology”

Parathyroid hormones are important for hair growth, but their use in treating hair loss from chemotherapy is still uncertain.

research The vitamin D receptor functions as a transcription regulator in the absence of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3

37 citations , August 2015 in “The Journal of Steroid Biochemistry and Molecular Biology”

The vitamin D receptor can regulate genes and affect hair and hormone levels without its usual activator.

research Characterization of Rickets Type II Model Rats to Reveal Functions of Vitamin D and Vitamin D Receptor

November 2023 in “Biomolecules”

The research showed that Vitamin D and its receptor are important for healthy bones and normal hair and skin in rats.

research Hormonal regulation in male androgenetic alopecia—Sex hormones and beyond: Evidence from recent genetic studies

15 citations , June 2020 in “Experimental Dermatology”

Hormones and genes affect hair growth and male baldness.

research Systemic lupus erythematosus as a rare cause of hypercalcemia: A case report

June 2022 in “Rheumatology research”

Lupus can be a rare cause of high calcium levels in the blood.

research The impact of VDR expression and regulation in vivo

25 citations , June 2017 in “Journal of steroid biochemistry and molecular biology/The Journal of steroid biochemistry and molecular biology”

VDR regulation varies by tissue and is crucial for its biological functions.

research Alopecia with Vitamin D-Dependent Rickets Type 2 A: A Case Report

January 2024 in “Clinical, cosmetic and investigational dermatology”

A child with a rare vitamin D-resistant condition improved with treatment.

research Mouse models with a disrupted PTHrP gene or a disrupted PTH gene (PTH−/− mice)

October 2010 in “Bone”

PTHrP is important for bone formation and may be targeted for osteoporosis treatment and longevity therapies.

research Genetic Disorders and Defects in Vitamin D Action

151 citations , June 2010 in “Endocrinology and metabolism clinics of North America”

Two rare genetic diseases cause severe rickets in children due to defects in vitamin D metabolism.

research 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D resistance, rickets, and alopecia

110 citations , November 1984 in “The American Journal of Medicine”

A genetic defect in vitamin D receptors causes severe rickets and hair loss in children, but some heal as they age.

research The parathyroid hormone-related protein as a regulator of normal tissue functions

4 citations , January 1994 in “Current Opinion in Endocrinology & Diabetes”

PTHrP regulates various normal body functions, including bone development, skin, and muscle function.

research Treatment for chemotherapy‐induced alopecia in mice using parathyroid hormone agonists and antagonists linked to a collagen binding domain

24 citations , December 2011 in “International Journal of Cancer”

PTH-CBD agonists may help regrow hair after chemotherapy.

research The human skin as a hormone target and an endocrine gland

146 citations , January 2004 in “Hormones”

Human skin acts like a hormone-producing organ, making and managing various hormones important for skin and hair health.

research Clinical Snippets

1 citations , May 2003 in “The journal of investigative dermatology/Journal of investigative dermatology”

A hormone affects hair growth, certain molecules may prevent skin damage, a skin disease is linked to immune cells, glycerol helps skin hydration, and psoriasis treatment trials need improvement.

research Punch hair transplants

3 citations , July 1992 in “Clinics in Dermatology”

Vitamin D helps regulate calcium levels in the body.

research New approaches to the treatment of osteoporosis

28 citations , August 2000 in “Current Opinion in Chemical Biology”

Future osteoporosis treatments should focus on increasing bone growth, with many promising options available.

Treatment and Prevention of Chemotherapy-Induced Alopecia with PTH-CBD, a Collagen-Targeted Parathyroid Hormone Analog, in a Non-Depilated Mouse Model

research Treatment and prevention of chemotherapy-induced alopecia with PTH-CBD, a collagen-targeted parathyroid hormone analog, in a non-depilated mouse model

20 citations , September 2013 in “Anti-Cancer Drugs”

PTH-CBD could help prevent and treat hair loss caused by chemotherapy in mice.

research Parathyroid hormone-related peptide and the hair cycle - is it the agonists or the antagonists that cause hair growth?

9 citations , July 2014 in “Experimental Dermatology”

PTHRP agonists can stimulate hair growth, especially in damaged follicles, while antagonists may initially increase growth but ultimately inhibit it.

Parathyroid Hormone Linked to a Collagen Binding Domain Promotes Hair Growth in a Mouse Model of Chemotherapy-Induced Alopecia in a Dose-Dependent Manner

research Parathyroid hormone linked to a collagen binding domain promotes hair growth in a mouse model of chemotherapy-induced alopecia in a dose-dependent manner

8 citations , April 2014 in “Anti-Cancer Drugs”

A hormone linked to collagen helps hair grow back in mice after chemotherapy, and may also prevent bone loss.

Treatment of Alopecia Areata in Mice by Stimulating Hair Follicles Using Parathyroid Hormone Agonists Linked to a Collagen Binding Domain

research Treatment of Alopecia Areata in Mice by Stimulating the Hair Follicles Using Parathyroid Hormone Agonists Linked to a Collagen Binding Domain

January 2015 in “Journal of clinical & experimental dermatology research”

A protein combining parathyroid hormone and collagen helped hair regrow in mice with a hair loss condition.

research Molecular mechanism for transcriptional regulation of the parathyroid hormone gene by Epiprofin

March 2025 in “FEBS Journal”

Epiprofin suppresses parathyroid hormone gene activity, helping regulate calcium levels and could be a treatment target for hyperparathyroidism.

research A Single Injection of the Anabolic Bone Agent, Parathyroid Hormone–Collagen Binding Domain (PTH–CBD), Results in Sustained Increases in Bone Mineral Density for up to 12 Months in Normal Female Mice

23 citations , July 2012 in “Calcified Tissue International”

A single injection of PTH–CBD can increase bone density for up to a year.

research Parathyroid Hormone-related Protein in Normal and Neoplastic Canine Tissues: Immunohistochemical Localization and Biochemical Extraction

54 citations , May 1994 in “Veterinary Pathology”

PTHrP is higher in certain dog tumors and may act as a local growth factor.

research Therapy for Alopecia Areata in Mice by Stimulating the Hair Cycle with Parathyroid Hormone Agonists Linked to a Collagen-Binding Domain

12 citations , November 2015 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology Symposium Proceedings”

PTH-CBD helps reduce hair loss in mice by stimulating hair growth directly.

research The clinical spectrum of parathyroid disease

8 citations , December 1981 in “Journal of The American Academy of Dermatology”

The document concludes that parathyroid diseases have a range of clinical features and outcomes, with some conditions being treatable and others having a high risk of mortality.

Deletion of DNA Binding Domain of the Vitamin D Receptor Abrogates Genomic and Nongenomic Functions of Vitamin D

research Deletion of Deoxyribonucleic Acid Binding Domain of the Vitamin D Receptor Abrogates Genomic and Nongenomic Functions of Vitamin D

277 citations , July 2002 in “Molecular Endocrinology”

Removing part of the vitamin D receptor stops vitamin D from working properly.

research Hormones and the pilosebaceous unit

97 citations , March 2009 in “Dermato-endocrinology”

Hormones significantly affect hair and oil gland function in the skin, and more research is needed on skin-related hormone disorders.