15 citations
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January 2017 in “Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology” 5α-Reductase inhibitors can negatively affect male sexual function and, in some cases, significantly reduce sperm count, but these effects may be reversible.
32 citations
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December 1999 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology Symposium Proceedings” 17-β-Estradiol applied to the skin stops hair growth, while ICI 182 780 helps hair grow in mice.
4 citations
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August 2010 in “Acta Biologica Hungarica” New steroidal compounds moderately block an enzyme related to testosterone conversion, less effectively than finasteride.
February 2025 in “Iranian journal of pharmaceutical research”
3 citations
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November 2018 in “The Journal of Clinical Psychiatry” Odds Ratios can be misleading; it's better to also present risk and Relative Risks for clarity.
January 2013 in “The Journal of Sexual Medicine” The document suggests that finasteride may cause depression and suicidal thoughts, while prostate surgery does not harm sexual health.
4 citations
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June 2003 in “Fertility and Sterility” Finasteride doesn't affect ovulation in normal women.
14 citations
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March 2017 in “Brain research” Progesterone and its byproducts control a specific receptor in the brain independently of progesterone receptors, affecting conditions related to the menstrual cycle.
December 2025 in “International Journal of Innovative Technologies in Social Science” Localized estrogen treatments may improve skin quality with fewer risks than systemic hormone therapy.
January 2026 in “Journal of Sexual and Mental Health” New male contraceptive pills show promise in reducing sperm production with mild side effects.
1 citations
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September 2024 in “Journal of Clinical & Translational Endocrinology” PCOS women have more severe metabolic issues and higher androgen levels than hyperandrogenic women without PCOS.
May 2006 in “Frontiers in Neuroendocrinology” Progesterone and its metabolites affect myelin protein expression differently in male and female rat Schwann cells.
22 citations
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June 2002 in “Journal of Medicinal Chemistry” Compounds 15, 20, and 25 are strong inhibitors of human steroid 5α-reductase type 2.
10 citations
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December 2018 in “Medical Science Monitor” The MAPK/ERK pathway is crucial in controlling cell growth and death in finasteride-induced hypospadias.
May 2024 in “Reactions weekly” 138 citations
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April 2003 in “Carcinogenesis” 2-Methoxyestradiol causes cancer cell death by activating specific pathways, but androgens can block this effect.
48 citations
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July 2009 in “The Journal of Sexual Medicine” DHEA did not improve sexual function, well-being, or menopausal symptoms in postmenopausal women with low libido but caused side effects like acne and increased facial hair.
9 citations
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October 1991 in “Archives of Dermatological Research” Testosterone, DHT, and estradiol significantly affect hair cell growth.
1 citations
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April 2016 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology” Prostaglandin D2 increases testosterone levels in skin cells through reactive oxygen species, not enzymes, which could lead to new hair loss treatments.
March 2016 in “The Journal of Urology” The discovery of 5α-reductase deficiency in guevedoces led to the development of important urologic medications.
April 2018 in “Gynäkologische Endokrinologie” Testosterone in older women can increase bone density, muscle mass, fat mass, improve memory, and boost libido, but may cause nipple color changes.
71 citations
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August 2019 in “The journal of sexual medicine” Testosterone treatment effectively causes male physical development in transgender male adolescents but may lead to side effects like acne, higher BMI and blood pressure, lower good cholesterol, and decreased bone density.
3 citations
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January 1992 in “Gynecological Endocrinology” 3α, 17β-androstanediol-glucuronide is not a useful marker for androgen excess but may help monitor certain treatments.
82 citations
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January 1994 in “Skin Pharmacology and Physiology” Hair follicles and glands significantly increase steroid absorption in skin.
66 citations
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April 2017 in “International Journal of Andrology” Men taking 5α-reductase inhibitors for enlarged prostate have a higher chance of experiencing reduced sexual desire and erectile dysfunction.
3 citations
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January 2004 in “Zhōnghuá yàoxué zázhì” Ethosomes improve skin absorption of finasteride more than other methods.
July 2020 in “CRS 2020 Virtual Annual Meeting” Researchers developed a new skin patch that delivers more finasteride into the skin, potentially improving treatment for hair loss and prostate issues.
May 2023 in “The Journal of Sexual Medicine” Men with self-diagnosed PFS-related ED have normal erectile hemodynamics.
42 citations
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December 1976 in “PubMed” Cyproterone acetate and ethinylestradiol effectively reduce hirsutism and acne in women.
8 citations
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May 1982 in “Journal of Endocrinology/Journal of endocrinology” Rat skin takes up and processes testosterone differently than other organs, with testosterone being more important for the skin than its metabolite 5α-DHT.