Lichen spinulosus, usually seen in young people, can rarely occur in adults, as shown by a 52-year-old woman with a rough, bumpy rash.
February 2026 in “Nature Communications” Inhibiting connective tissue sheath contraction may improve hair growth in male pattern baldness.
183 citations
,
January 2014 in “BioMed Research International” AA-PRP injections effectively increase hair count and thickness for male pattern hair loss.
New treatments for alopecia areata, like JAK inhibitors and immunomodulators, are promising.
51 citations
,
May 1984 in “Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology” Benign follicular mucinosis involves immune cells attacking hair follicles.
July 2022 in “British Journal of Dermatology” July 2025 in “Cell & Bioscience” Specific immune cells and pathways contribute to hair follicle inflammation and hair loss, suggesting potential treatments for lichen planopilaris.
9 citations
,
June 2017 in “The journal of allergy and clinical immunology/Journal of allergy and clinical immunology/The journal of allergy and clinical immunology” Local inflammation worsens autoimmune skin conditions by increasing antibody buildup.
19 citations
,
July 2004 in “Clinical and experimental dermatology” Acneiform follicular mucinosis can be controlled with systemic corticosteroids.
December 2025 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology” Immune system issues may contribute to female pattern hair loss.
July 2025 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology” Immune system changes may contribute to female pattern hair loss.
3 citations
,
September 2023 in “Frontiers in immunology” Chronic inflammatory skin diseases are caused by disrupted interactions between skin cells and immune cells.
February 2026 in “ImmunoTargets and Therapy” Tumor immunotherapy can cause hair loss by disrupting hair follicle immunity.
September 2019 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology” EGFR and MEK inhibitors reduce PD-L1 in hair follicles, possibly causing inflammation.
9 citations
,
April 2020 in “Journal of Cosmetic Dermatology” Immune checkpoint inhibitors can cause scalp inflammation and hair follicle issues.
July 2022 in “British Journal of Dermatology” Dissecting cellulitis and folliculitis keloidalis cause intense inflammation without bacterial infection.
13 citations
,
August 1991 in “The Journal of the American Osteopathic Association” Inflammation may play a role in causing androgenetic alopecia.
10 citations
,
August 1991 in “PubMed” Inflammation, possibly triggered by a specific bacteria and activated by UV radiation, may contribute to male pattern baldness.
3 citations
,
September 2021 in “BioEssays” Dandruff might be caused by changes in how hair follicles naturally release oils and an immune response to this imbalance.
March 2021 in “bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory)” A specific immune response helps control mite populations on the skin, maintaining healthy hair follicles.
June 2023 in “Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)” Inflammation in hair follicles is a key risk factor for developing common baldness.
April 2026 in “Frontiers in Cell and Developmental Biology” Hair follicles in mice help detect and respond to germs.
March 2024 in “International Journal of Cosmetic Science” Dandruff is linked to increased T cells and weakened immune protection in hair follicles.
22 citations
,
June 2013 in “Australasian Journal of Dermatology” Early stage bald spots are linked to skin inflammation and damage to the upper part of the hair follicle.
4 citations
,
June 2024 in “British Journal of Dermatology” EGFRi/MEKi treatments cause hair follicles to lose some immune protection, leading to inflammation.
62 citations
,
July 2022 in “Science Immunology” TREM2 macrophages and unsaturated lipids contribute to acne inflammation.
73 citations
,
April 2019 in “Experimental Dermatology” The scalp's microorganisms significantly affect hair health and disease.
2 citations
,
January 1990 in “PubMed” Perforating folliculitis is a skin condition with small bumps that may be linked to other diseases and is hard to treat.
19 citations
,
December 2011 in “PubMed” Inflammation and immunity play a key role in androgenetic alopecia, with better treatment outcomes in certain immune-positive cases.