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October 2005 in “European journal of pharmaceutics and biopharmaceutics” Polymers increased skin permeation and stability of steroid hormones in liposomal formulations.
211 citations
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June 2012 The skin is a complex barrier for drug penetration, but understanding its structure and interactions can improve drug delivery methods.
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January 2008 in “Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology” Porcine hair follicles can effectively model human hair follicles for drug absorption.
79 citations
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December 2017 in “Cosmetics” Effective sunscreen formulations can reduce skin absorption and enhance protection.
32 citations
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September 2018 in “Journal of pharmaceutical sciences” The model better predicts how water-loving and fat-loving substances move through the skin by including tiny pores and hair follicle paths.
June 2022 in “Scientific Reports” Prevelex, a polyampholyte, can create a cell-repellent coating on microdevices, which can be useful in biomedical applications like hair follicle regeneration.
October 2024 in “International Journal of Pharmaceutics” The finasteride patch effectively treats hair loss by enhancing skin absorption.
39 citations
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November 2016 in “Pharmaceutics” The hair follicle pathway significantly affects how easily water-loving chemicals pass through the skin.
July 2013 in “Pharmaceutical Regulatory Affairs Open Access” Invasomes with 0.5% limonene greatly improve skin delivery of finasteride.
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January 2012 in “42nd Annual Meeting of the European-Society-for-Dermatological-Research (ESDR)” 47 citations
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January 2003 in “Pharmaceutical Research”
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September 2024 in “AAPS PharmSciTech” Transcutol® helps drugs penetrate the skin more effectively in various formulations.
January 2022 in “OPAL (Open@LaTrobe) (La Trobe University)” Nanoparticles in sunscreen are generally safe as they stay on the skin's surface.
30 citations
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March 2016 in “European Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences” Optimized film improves finasteride skin absorption and treatment efficiency.
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December 2001 in “PubMed” The conclusion is that substances can penetrate hair fibers through multiple pathways, including both the cell membrane complex and the non-keratinous parts.
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March 2005 in “Iranian Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences” Liposomes and niosomes can increase finasteride retention in the skin.
February 2024 in “Pharmaceutical research” Hair follicles affect how well small molecules can pass through the skin, and this varies depending on the molecule's features.
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July 2022 in “Pakistan biomedical journal” Transethosomes improve drug delivery through the skin by overcoming the outer skin layer's barrier.
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April 2018 in “Pharmaceutics” New methods improve how well skin treatments work by helping drugs get through the skin barrier.
24 citations
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November 2009 in “Pharmaceutical Development and Technology” Transcutol P best increases Finasteride absorption for hair loss treatment.
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May 2012 in “Pharmaceutical Development and Technology” PEVs effectively deliver minoxidil through skin.
105 citations
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April 2017 in “International Journal of Nanomedicine” Ethosomes are effective for delivering drugs through the skin by penetrating deeply and targeting hair follicles.
39 citations
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November 2013 in “European journal of pharmaceutics and biopharmaceutics” Massage increases how deep both rigid and flexible liposomes can go into skin, with flexible ones going deeper, and covering the skin (occlusion) helps rigid ones more.
January 2024 in “RSC pharmaceutics” Removing the outer skin layer increases drug absorption and offers non-invasive treatment options, with some methods allowing for quick skin recovery.
September 2025 in “Frontiers in Pharmacology” The gel shows strong potential for effectively treating pressure ulcers.
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January 2014 in “Chemical and Pharmaceutical Bulletin” Ethanol pretreatment affects drug penetration through skin and hair follicles.
March 2026 in “Collagen and Leather”
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July 2008 in “Aaps Pharmscitech” Ethosomes improve finasteride delivery through skin for hair loss treatment.
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September 2023 in “International Journal of Molecular Sciences” FucoPol hydrogel membranes are promising for delivering drugs on the skin.
149 citations
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September 2017 in “Pharmaceutics” Pig skin is a good substitute for human skin to measure drug absorption, but differences in skin structure and enzymes across species must be considered.