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December 2001 in “PubMed” The conclusion is that substances can penetrate hair fibers through multiple pathways, including both the cell membrane complex and the non-keratinous parts.
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July 2008 in “Aaps Pharmscitech” Ethosomes improve finasteride delivery through skin for hair loss treatment.
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105 citations
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April 2017 in “International Journal of Nanomedicine” Ethosomes are effective for delivering drugs through the skin by penetrating deeply and targeting hair follicles.
18 citations
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October 2019 in “Advanced Pharmaceutical Bulletin” Microemulsions can improve skin delivery of finasteride.
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November 2013 in “European journal of pharmaceutics and biopharmaceutics” Massage increases how deep both rigid and flexible liposomes can go into skin, with flexible ones going deeper, and covering the skin (occlusion) helps rigid ones more.
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May 2012 in “Pharmaceutical Development and Technology” PEVs effectively deliver minoxidil through skin.
3 citations
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April 2015 in “International research journal of pharmacy” Gentamicin penetrates pig skin better through open hair follicles than blocked ones.
5 citations
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September 2023 in “International Journal of Molecular Sciences” FucoPol hydrogel membranes are promising for delivering drugs on the skin.
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September 2018 in “Current Drug Delivery” The combination of propylene glycol and Tween® 80 improves finasteride gel effectiveness.
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April 2024 in “Science China Materials” 15 citations
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January 2017 in “Polymers” Polyelectrolytes can improve cell surfaces for better medical applications.
April 2026 in “Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research” The new method speeds up leather unhairing and improves quality.
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December 2022 in “Pharmaceutics” Finasteride-loaded microemulsions can effectively enhance skin delivery for treating hair loss.
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November 2012 in “Pharmaceutical research” Surface-modified nanoparticles mainly use non-follicular pathways to enhance skin permeation of ibuprofen and could improve treatment for inflammatory skin diseases.
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April 2021 in “Biofabrication” The study created a skin model with realistic blood vessels that improves skin grafts and testing for drug delivery.
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January 2004 in “Zhōnghuá yàoxué zázhì” Ethosomes improve skin absorption of finasteride more than other methods.
January 2024 in “RSC pharmaceutics” Removing the outer skin layer increases drug absorption and offers non-invasive treatment options, with some methods allowing for quick skin recovery.
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January 2025 in “AAPS PharmSciTech” Microemulsions and nanoemulsions can effectively deliver drugs through the skin, but more research is needed to understand their differences and mechanisms.
1 citations
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January 2017 in “Springer eBooks” Hair follicles are important for drug delivery through the skin, but better methods are needed to understand and improve this process.
January 2024 in “Research Portal Denmark” Artificial hair fibers improve drug delivery accuracy through skin models.
September 2025 in “Cosmetics” Lipid content and structure affect water absorption in different hair types.
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January 2007 Porcine skin is a good substitute for human skin in drug diffusion tests.
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April 2018 in “Pharmaceutics” New methods improve how well skin treatments work by helping drugs get through the skin barrier.
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January 2015 in “Molecular Pharmaceutics” Minoxidil works well as a high permeability reference drug for biopharmaceutics classification.
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December 2022 in “Future Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences” Invasomes with natural terpenes can improve drug delivery through the skin.
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January 2007 in “Zhōnghuá yàoxué zázhì” Ethosomes deliver finasteride through the skin more effectively than liposomes.
August 2022 in “International journal of membrane science and technology” Finasteride diffuses spontaneously through SDS micelles, suggesting they can replace living cell membranes.
10 citations
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June 2019 in “International Journal of Pharmaceutics” Hair removal methods damage the skin barrier and affect substance penetration.