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GlossaryPeroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptors

regulate gene expression related to metabolism and inflammation

Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptors (PPARs) are a group of nuclear receptor proteins that function as transcription factors regulating the expression of genes. They play crucial roles in the metabolism of fats and sugars, inflammation, and cell differentiation, making them significant in conditions like diabetes, obesity, and cardiovascular diseases.

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research Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors-mediated diabetic wound healing regulates endothelial cells’ mitochondrial function via sonic hedgehog signaling

5 citations , January 2025 in “Burns & Trauma”

PPAR activation can improve diabetic wound healing by enhancing blood vessel function.

research Alopecia: evaluation and treatment

76 citations , July 2011 in “Clinical, Cosmetic and Investigational Dermatology”

The document concludes that proper diagnosis and FDA-approved treatments for different types of hair loss exist, but treatments for severe cases often fail and future improvements may focus on hair follicle stem cells.

research TGFβ signaling regulates lipogenesis in human sebaceous glands cells

44 citations , January 2013 in “BMC Dermatology”

TGFβ signaling prevents sebaceous gland cells from producing fats.

research Adipose transcriptome in the scalp of androgenetic alopecia

September 2023 in “Frontiers in Medicine”

The scalp fat tissue of men with hair loss shows changes in gene activity that may contribute to their condition.

research Proteome Analysis of Alpine Merino Sheep Skin Reveals New Insights into the Mechanisms Involved in Regulating Wool Fiber Diameter

October 2023 in “International journal of molecular sciences”

Key proteins and pathways regulate wool fiber diameter in Alpine Merino sheep.

research Clinical Pathobiology of Radiotherapy-Induced Alopecia: A Guide toward More Effective Prevention and Hair Follicle Repair

3 citations , June 2023 in “The journal of investigative dermatology/Journal of investigative dermatology”

The conclusion suggests that focusing on certain cellular pathways may improve the prevention and repair of hair loss caused by radiotherapy.

research 686 Topical melatonin unfolds differential anti-aging effects in human skin by inhibiting mTORC1 activity via TSC2 stimulation

July 2024 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology”

Topical melatonin may reduce skin aging by inhibiting certain cellular pathways.

research A Review of Metabolic Dysregulation in Lymphocytic Cicatricial Alopecia: Exploring the Connections and Therapeutic Implications

1 citations , March 2025 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology”

Metabolic issues may trigger lymphocytic cicatricial alopecia, and treatments targeting these issues could help.

research Differentiation of the sebaceous gland

60 citations , March 2009 in “Dermato-Endocrinology”

The exact molecular mechanisms of sebaceous gland function are still unclear.

research Lichen Planopilaris and Frontal Fibrosing Alopecia as Model Epithelial Stem Cell Diseases

80 citations , April 2018 in “Trends in Molecular Medicine”

Lichen Planopilaris and Frontal Fibrosing Alopecia may help us understand hair follicle stem cell disorders and suggest new treatments.

research Frontal fibrosing alopecia: A review of disease pathogenesis

2 citations , July 2022 in “Frontiers in Medicine”

The cause of Frontal fibrosing alopecia, a type of hair loss, is complex, likely involving immune responses and genetics, but is not fully understood.

Peroxisome Proliferator Activated Receptors Gamma Serum Levels and Gene Polymorphism in Frontal Fibrosing Alopecia: A Case-Control Study

research Peroxisome Proliferator Activated Receptors Gamma Serum levels and Gene Polymorphism in Frontal Fibrosing Alopecia: A Case Control Study

July 2022 in “Research Square (Research Square)”

Lower PPARγ levels and specific gene variations are linked to more severe Frontal Fibrosing Alopecia.

Lichen Planopilaris Treated With a Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor Gamma Agonist

research Lichen Planopilaris Treated With a Peroxisome Proliferator–Activated Receptor γ Agonist

105 citations , December 2009 in “Archives of dermatology”

A specific drug can help treat Lichen Planopilaris, a condition causing permanent hair loss.

research Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) and PPAR agonists: the ‘future’ in dermatology therapeutics?

60 citations , May 2015 in “Archives of dermatological research”

PPAR agonists show promise for skin conditions but need more research before being a main treatment.

Lichen Planopilaris Treated by the Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor-γ Agonist Pioglitazone: Lack of Lasting Improvement or Cure in the Majority of Patients

research Lichen planopilaris treated by the peroxisome proliferator activated receptor-γ agonist pioglitazone: Lack of lasting improvement or cure in the majority of patients

33 citations , October 2013 in “Journal of The American Academy of Dermatology”

Pioglitazone usually doesn't effectively treat or cure lichen planopilaris.

research Contributions of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor β/δ to skin health and disease

12 citations , November 2012 in “BioMolecular Concepts”

PPAR β/δ is important for skin health and disease treatment, but more research is needed.

research Expression of Peroxisome Proliferator Activated Receptors (PPARs) in Human Hair Follicles and PPARα Involvement in Hair Growth

51 citations , September 2000 in “Acta dermato-venereologica”

PPAR alpha may help in hair growth and could be a target for treatment.

research The role of nuclear hormone receptors in cutaneous wound repair

68 citations , December 2014 in “Cell Biochemistry and Function”

Nuclear hormone receptors play a significant role in skin wound healing and could lead to better treatment methods.

research Hot Stuff: Thermal Imaging Aids in Cellulitis Diagnosis

4 citations , February 2018 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology”

The document concludes that a protein involved in hair growth may link to baldness and that more research is needed on its role in hair loss and skin cancer treatments.

research Treatment of Cultured Sebocytes with an EGFR Inhibitor Does Not Lead to Significant Upregulation of Inflammatory Biomarkers

3 citations , January 2011 in “Annals of Dermatology”

Blocking EGFR in skin cells doesn't majorly increase inflammation markers.

research Early skin seeding regulatory T cells modulate PPARγ-dependent skin pigmentation

October 2023 in “bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory)”

Early regulatory T cells are crucial for normal skin pigmentation.

Sebaceous Immunobiology: Skin Homeostasis, Innate Immunity Coordination, Inflammatory Response, and Disease Associations

research Sebaceous immunobiology - skin homeostasis, pathophysiology, coordination of innate immunity and inflammatory response and disease associations

21 citations , November 2022 in “Frontiers in immunology”

Sebaceous glands play a key role in skin health, immunity, and various skin diseases.

research Adipose and Hair Function: An aPPARent Connection

7 citations , February 2018 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology”

Fat tissue and a specific protein are crucial for healthy hair growth and maintenance.

Inhibition of Cholesterol Biosynthesis Modulates Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition in Primary Cicatricial Alopecia Through TGFβ and Angiotensin Receptors

research Inhibition of Cholesterol Biosynthesis Modulates Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition in Primary Cicatricial Alopecia Through TGFβ and Angiotensin Receptors

May 2023 in “Journal of Endocrinology and Reproduction”

Blocking cholesterol production may help control hair loss in Primary Cicatricial Alopecia by affecting key regulators.

research Epithelial-to-Mesenchymal Stem Cell Transition in a Human Organ: Lessons from Lichen Planopilaris

71 citations , October 2017 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology”

PPAR-γ agonists like pioglitazone may help manage lichen planopilaris but don't fully reverse scarring.

research PPAR-γ Agonists and Their Role in Primary Cicatricial Alopecia

38 citations , January 2017 in “PPAR Research”

PPAR-γ helps control skin oil glands and inflammation, and its disruption can cause hair loss diseases.

research A new target for squamous cell skin cancer?

6 citations , October 2014 in “Experimental Dermatology”

Prostaglandins and the enzyme AKR1C3 could play a role in skin cancer and hair loss, and further research is needed to understand these mechanisms.

research Deciphering the Skin Anti-Aging and Hair Growth Promoting Mechanisms of Opophytum forskahlii Seed Oil via Network Pharmacology

December 2025 in “International Journal of Molecular Sciences”

Opophytum forskahlii seed oil may help with anti-aging and hair growth.

research The role of PPARγ-mediated signalling in skin biology and pathology: new targets and opportunities for clinical dermatology

84 citations , February 2015 in “Experimental Dermatology”

PPARγ is crucial for skin health but can have both beneficial and harmful effects.

research Shedding Light on the Effects of Calorie Restriction and Its Mimetics on Skin Biology

6 citations , May 2020 in “Nutrients”

Eating fewer calories may slow skin aging and improve skin health through various biological changes.