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GlossaryPlacebo Group

group receiving an inactive substance to compare treatment effects

A Placebo Group is a set of participants in a clinical trial who receive a placebo—a substance with no therapeutic effect, often a sugar pill—rather than the active treatment being tested. This group serves as a baseline to compare the effects of the actual treatment, helping researchers determine whether the treatment's effects are due to the treatment itself or other factors. This is also known as a Control Group in many studies.

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research The Effects of Lower vs Higher Cell Number of Platelet-Rich Plasma (PRP) on Hair Density and Diameter in Androgenetic Alopecia (AGA): A Randomized, Double-Blinded, Placebo, Parallel-Group Half-Scalp IRB-Approved Study.

6 citations , May 2021 in “Aesthetic Surgery Journal”

Higher cell number PRP improves hair density and diameter more than lower cell number PRP.

A Randomized, Placebo- and Active-Controlled, Parallel-Group, Multicenter, Investigator-Blinded Study of Four Treatment Regimens of Posaconazole in Adults with Toenail Onychomycosis

research A randomized, placebo- and active-controlled, parallel-group, multicenter, investigator-blinded study of four treatment regimens of posaconazole in adults with toenail onychomycosis

February 2010 in “Journal of The American Academy of Dermatology”

Posaconazole is a promising new treatment for toenail fungus.

Efficacy and Safety of Oral Spironolactone for Female Pattern Hair Loss in Premenopausal Women: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled, Parallel-Group Pilot Study

research Efficacy and safety of oral spironolactone for female pattern hair loss in premenopausal women: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel-group pilot study

September 2025 in “International Journal of Women’s Dermatology”

Oral spironolactone effectively promotes hair growth in premenopausal women but may cause irregular menstruation.

Efficacy and Safety of Low-Dose Dutasteride for Male Androgenic Alopecia: A Multicenter, Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled, Parallel-Group Phase III Clinical Trial

research Efficacy and Safety of Low-Dose (0.2 mg) Dutasteride for Male Androgenic Alopecia: A Multicenter, Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled, Parallel-Group Phase III Clinical Trial

January 2025 in “Annals of Dermatology”

Low-dose dutasteride effectively and safely promotes hair growth in men.

Efficacy of Quadruple-Coated Probiotics in Patients With Irritable Bowel Syndrome: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled, Parallel-Group Study

research Efficacy of Quadruple-coated Probiotics in Patients With Irritable Bowel Syndrome: A Randomized, Double-blind, Placebo-controlled, Parallel-group Study

January 2024 in “Journal of neurogastroenterology and motility”

Quadruple-coated probiotics significantly improve IBS symptoms.

research Correction to: The Effects of Lower vs Higher Cell Number of Platelet-Rich Plasma (PRP) on Hair Density and Diameter in Androgenetic Alopecia (AGA): A Randomized, Double-Blinded, Placebo, Parallel-Group Half-Scalp IRB-Approved Study

1 citations , September 2022 in “Aesthetic Surgery Journal”

research 724 - A phase 2b, randomized, double-blinded, parallel-group, placebo-controlled study to evaluate the efficacy and safety of rezpegaldesleukin in adults with severe to very-severe alopecia areata

August 2024 in “British Journal of Dermatology”

Rezpegaldesleukin shows promise for treating severe alopecia areata.

research Commentary on: The Effects of Lower vs Higher Cell Number of Platelet-Rich Plasma (PRP) in Hair Density and Diameter in Androgenetic Alopecia (AGA): A Randomized, Double-Blinded, Placebo, Parallel-Group Half-Scalp IRB Study

June 2021 in “Aesthetic Surgery Journal”

PRP improves hair growth in AGA, but higher concentrations aren't significantly better than lower ones.

research Craniometric Ancestry Proportions among Groups Considered Hispanic: Genetic Biological Variation, Sex-Biased Asymmetry, and Forensic Applications

2 citations , January 2014 in “Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology”

Topical minoxidil effectively promotes hair regrowth in male pattern baldness.

research Topical minoxidil in early male pattern baldness

138 citations , August 1985 in “Journal of The American Academy of Dermatology”

Minoxidil promotes hair growth in male pattern baldness.

research Psychological Characteristics of Men With Alopecia Androgenetica and Effects of Treatment With Topical Minoxidil An Exploratory Study

17 citations , July 1988 in “International Journal of Dermatology”

Men using minoxidil felt better about hair loss and self-esteem than those using a placebo.

research Validation of scalp coverage scoring methods for scalp hair loss in male pattern hair loss (androgenetic alopecia)

5 citations , April 2006 in “Skin Research and Technology”

Scalp coverage scoring accurately measures hair loss and treatment effectiveness.

research The Reduction of Male Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms Is Associated With a Decreased Risk of Death

1 citations , September 2023 in “The Journal of urology/The journal of urology”

Improving symptoms of male urinary problems may lower the risk of death.

Evaluation of Efficacy of Silybum Marianum Flower Extract on Mitigating Hair Loss In Vitro and In Vivo

research Evaluation of efficacy of Silybum marianum flower extract on the mitigating hair loss in vitro and in vivo

1 citations , September 2023 in “Journal of cosmetic dermatology”

Silybum marianum flower extract may help increase hair growth and decrease hair loss.

Comparison Between Dutasteride and Finasteride in Hair Regrowth and Reversal of Miniaturization in Male and Female Androgenetic Alopecia: A Systematic Review

research Comparison between dutasteride and finasteride in hair regrowth and reversal of miniaturization in male and female androgenetic alopecia: a systematic review

April 2024 in “Dermatology reports”

Dutasteride is more effective than finasteride for hair regrowth in male and female pattern hair loss, with similar side effects.

Green Tea Extract in an Eyelash Growth Enhancer Gel Formulation: Stability Test, Eye Irritation Test, and Human Eyelash Growth Activity

research GREEN TEA EXTRACT IN AN EYELASH GROWTH ENHANCER GEL FORMULATION: STABILITY TEST, EYE IRRITATION TEST, AND HUMAN EYELASH GROWTH ACTIVITY

June 2017 in “Asian journal of pharmaceutical and clinical research”

Green tea extract gel safely increases eyelash length.

Effect of the Frequency of Injection on the Clinical Responses of Postmenopausal Women to Testosterone Enanthate with Estradiol Valerate

research Effect of the frequency of injection on the clinical responses of postmenopausal women to testosterone enanthate with estradiol valerate

May 1963 in “American journal of obstetrics and gynecology”

Injecting 2 ml of TEEV every 4 weeks is better because it has the same benefits but fewer side effects.

research [Systemic therapy of diffuse effluvium and hair structure damage].

23 citations , June 1993 in “PubMed”

Medication 1 improved hair quality and growth more effectively than medication 2 and the placebo.

research Latanoprost and minoxidil: Comparative double-blind, placebo-controlled study for the treatment of hair loss

January 2018 in “Surgical and Cosmetic Dermatology”

Latanoprost and minoxidil effectively control hair loss and increase hair count.

research A randomized, placebo-controlled trial of 5% and 2% topical minoxidil solutions in the treatment of female pattern hair loss

219 citations , March 2004 in “Journal of The American Academy of Dermatology”

5% and 2% minoxidil solutions effectively promote hair growth and reduce hair loss, with 5% being slightly more effective but having more side effects.

research Placebo-controlled oral pulse prednisolone therapy in alopecia areata

141 citations , February 2005 in “Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology”

Oral prednisolone helps hair regrowth in alopecia areata.

research Effects of finasteride in patients with inflammatory chronic pelvic pain syndrome: a double-blind, placebo-controlled, pilot study

65 citations , March 1999 in “Urology”

Finasteride didn't significantly improve ICPPS symptoms, more research needed.

A 3-Month, Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Study Evaluating the Ability of an Extra-Strength Marine Protein Supplement to Promote Hair Growth and Decrease Shedding in Women with Self-Perceived Thinning Hair

research A 3-Month, Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Study Evaluating the Ability of an Extra-Strength Marine Protein Supplement to Promote Hair Growth and Decrease Shedding in Women with Self-Perceived Thinning Hair

22 citations , January 2015 in “Dermatology Research and Practice”

An extra-strength marine protein supplement helped increase hair growth and decrease hair shedding in women with thinning hair.

research AUSTRALIAN TRIAL OF TOPICAL MINOXIDIL AND PLACEBO IN EARLY MALE PATTERN BALDNESS

11 citations , April 1990 in “Australasian Journal of Dermatology”

Minoxidil modestly increases hair growth in men with early baldness and is safe to use.

Hair Growth Effect of Traditional Chinese Medicine BeauTop on Androgenetic Alopecia Patients: A Randomized Double-Blind Placebo-Controlled Clinical Trial

research Hair growth effect of traditional Chinese medicine BeauTop on androgenetic alopecia patients: A randomized double-blind placebo-controlled clinical trial

5 citations , November 2016 in “Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine”

BeauTop improves hair growth in androgenetic alopecia patients.

research A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Pilot Study to Evaluate the Efficacy and Safety of Latanoprost for Eyelash Growth in Aesthetic Medicine

2 citations , October 2023 in “Cosmetics”

Latanoprost effectively and safely promotes eyelash growth.

Improvement in Health-Related Quality of Life and Symptoms of Anxiety and Depression in Patients with Alopecia Areata Randomized to Baricitinib or Placebo: Results from Two International Randomized Controlled Trials

research Improvement in health‐related quality of life and symptoms of anxiety and depression in patients with alopecia areata randomized to baricitinib or placebo: Results from two international randomized controlled trials

November 2023 in “JEADV Clinical Practice”

Patients with severe alopecia areata felt better and less anxious or depressed when treated with baricitinib compared to placebo.

research Double-blind, placebo-controlled evaluation of topical minoxidil in extensive alopecia areata

104 citations , March 1987 in “Journal of The American Academy of Dermatology”

Minoxidil helps hair growth in 63.6% of alopecia patients, with 27.3% having excellent results.

Efficacy, Safety, and Tolerability of Dutasteride 0.5 mg Once Daily in Male Patients with Male Pattern Hair Loss: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled, Phase III Study

research Efficacy, safety, and tolerability of dutasteride 0.5 mg once daily in male patients with male pattern hair loss: A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, phase III study

92 citations , June 2010 in “Journal of The American Academy of Dermatology”

Dutasteride 0.5 mg daily improves hair growth safely in men with hair loss.

research Global photographic assessment of men aged 18 to 60 years with male pattern hair loss receiving finasteride 1 mg or placebo

35 citations , February 2012 in “Journal of The American Academy of Dermatology”

Finasteride significantly improves hair growth but may cause sexual side effects.