December 2013 in “Pump Industry Analyst” The method effectively delivers vaccines through the skin without needles.
Keratin gel may help repair damaged nerves.
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May 2006 in “Journal of Structural Biology” Keratin-associated proteins help link filaments and affect keratin's strength.
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November 2007 in “Journal of Structural Biology” Keratin heterodimers are preferred for their specific and structural advantages.
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January 2014 in “Cell structure and function” Different combinations of human hair keratins affect how hair fibers form.
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December 2006 in “Journal of Structural Biology” Type I and Type II keratin chains can form heterodimers despite sequence differences.
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June 2004 in “Biophysical Journal” Hard α-keratin in hair has a unique, nonordered structure, different from other fibers.
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February 1990 in “The journal of cell biology/The Journal of cell biology” Trichohyalin, a hair follicle protein, has a part with repeating patterns of 23 amino acids.
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January 1993 Trichohyalin is a versatile protein involved in hair and skin structure.
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June 1993 in “Journal of Biological Chemistry” Trichohyalin helps in hair and skin cell structure and function by binding calcium and linking proteins.
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June 2013 in “Journal of structural biology” High glycine–tyrosine keratin-associated proteins help make hair strong and maintain its shape.
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January 2011 in “Biochemistry Research International” Hard α-keratin has a universal molecular structure with a specific superlattice arrangement.
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September 2018 in “Journal of Structural Biology” Oxidized trichocyte keratin has a helical dislocation in its structure.
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July 2017 in “Biopolymers” Recombinant keratins can form useful structures for medical applications, overcoming natural keratin limitations.
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September 2004 in “Biomacromolecules” The Glu413Lys mutation in keratin affects hair stability, while Glu413Asp does not.
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February 1998 in “Polymer” Human hair keratin has a 40% α-helix structure that changes to a random coil in 8 M urea.
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September 2012 in “Biomacromolecules” Disulfide bonds make keratin in hair stronger and tougher.
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July 2015 in “PLoS ONE” The study revealed the detailed structure of a keratin dimer, aiding understanding of how intermediate filament proteins function.
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May 2016 in “International journal of biological macromolecules” Keratin's mechanical properties are influenced by hydrogen bonds and secondary structure, and can be improved with the SPD-2 peptide.
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February 2021 in “FEBS open bio” Human hair keratins K85 and K35 create unique filament patterns important for early hair formation.
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February 2015 in “Acta Crystallographica Section D: Structural Biology” The study concludes that certain domains in Clostridium histolyticum enzymes are structurally unique, bind calcium to become more stable, and play distinct roles in breaking down collagen, with potential applications in medicine and drug delivery.
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February 1998 in “Polymer journal” Keratin structure in hair is stable at pH 5-6 but disrupts between pH 6-7.
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January 2002 in “Biological chemistry” Different conditions affect how hair proteins assemble, and certain mutations can change their structure.
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January 2015 in “Sen'i Gakkaishi” Hair and wool strength is affected by the number and type of bonds in their protein structures, with hair having more protein aggregates than wool.
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May 1993 in “The Journal of Cell Biology” Trichohyalin in sheep hair follicles may help with structure and calcium binding.