June 2014 in “Experimental dermatology” The epidermis is crucial for hair growth.
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June 1990 in “PubMed” Hair protein differences help identify species and individuals in forensic science.
January 2026 in “International Journal of Biological Macromolecules” Small KP peptide improves hair without reducing agents, while larger proteins need them for better results.
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June 2012 in “Journal of Structural Biology” Disulfide bonds are crucial for hair structure during keratinization.
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November 1991 in “Archiv für Pathologische Anatomie und Physiologie und für Klinische Medicin” Keratins 8 and 14 can help identify and diagnose benign skin tumors.
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September 1990 in “The Anatomical Record” Human anagen hair follicles have unique carbohydrate patterns during keratinization.
July 2016 in “The journal of investigative dermatology/Journal of investigative dermatology” Scientists created a new 3D skin model from cells of plucked hairs that works like real skin and is easier to get.
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February 1993 in “Journal of Biological Chemistry” KAP6 genes are conserved across species and active in hair follicles.
May 2025 in “Journal of Developmental Biology” Jawless vertebrates have teeth proteins similar to those in mammalian hair and nails.
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January 1986 Involucrin is crucial for skin cell maturation and protection.
The goat hair keratin gene is very similar to sheep's and is strongly expressed in goat hair follicles.
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August 2014 in “PeerJ” Human hair proteins vary by individual, body site, and ethnicity, useful for forensics.
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February 1998 in “The journal of investigative dermatology/Journal of investigative dermatology” Two specific hair keratin genes are active during hair growth and decline as hair transitions to rest.
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June 2004 in “Biophysical Journal” Hard α-keratin in hair has a unique, nonordered structure, different from other fibers.
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July 2005 in “Molecular and Cellular Biology” A specific gene segment can make mouse skin cells glow, helping study hair growth and gene effects.
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January 2004 in “American journal of clinical dermatology” Understanding genetic mutations helps diagnose and treat skin disorders like ichthyosis.
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February 2009 in “Journal of dermatological science” Pitx2 helps outer root sheath cells differentiate but can't start hair growth on its own.
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December 1991 in “Journal of Dermatological Science” Human nails contain both skin and hair keratins, each needing different extraction methods.
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November 2021 in “The journal of investigative dermatology/Journal of investigative dermatology” Wnt/β-catenin signaling is important for keeping skin cell attachment structures stable.
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January 2016 in “Biointerphases” The hair's outermost surface has multiple layers of lipids and proteins.
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January 2013 in “International Journal of Cosmetic Science” African hair's keratin structure is influenced by its higher lipid content.
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June 2023 in “International journal of biological macromolecules” Human hair proteins can help blood clot when mixed in equal parts.
February 1990 in “PubMed” Hair follicle cells and skin cells differ in keratinization and other features.
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September 2013 in “BMC Biophysics” Keratin filaments' elasticity is influenced by their terminal domains and surrounding medium.
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June 2009 in “British Journal of Dermatology” Human melanocytes in skin and hair follicles don't express keratin 16 or 6 naturally.
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November 2012 in “Proceedings of the Royal Society B Biological Sciences” Hard α-keratins stay stiff in water because the surrounding matrix keeps them dehydrated and strong.
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January 2013 in “Veterinary dermatology” Keratinocytes from dog hair follicles can create a functional skin layer in a lab model, useful for dog skin therapy.
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July 1958 in “Biochimica et Biophysica Acta”