July 2001 in “APMIS. Acta pathologica, microbiologica et immunologica Scandinavica./APMIS” Male children's genital development issues can be caused by genetic mutations or environmental factors affecting hormone action.
35 citations
,
September 2009 in “Psychoneuroendocrinology” Early-life neurosteroid changes affect adolescent exploration and adult behavior.
1 citations
,
January 2015 in “Elsevier eBooks” Certain pesticides and fungicides can interfere with male hormone functions, potentially causing reproductive issues in male rats.
1 citations
,
August 2019 in “Environmental Toxicology” Exposure to low doses of finasteride in the womb causes changes in the prostate of both male and female gerbils.
2 citations
,
July 2021 in “Journal of Dermatology and Dermatologic Surgery” Exposure to the hair loss drug finasteride during pregnancy can cause genital anomalies in male babies, but not in female babies. It's best to avoid this drug in women who could potentially become pregnant.
10 citations
,
September 2015 in “Folia Histochemica Et Cytobiologica” Finasteride treatment in male rats can reduce fertility and affect sperm development in their offspring.
April 2016 in “The FASEB Journal” Blocking androgen receptors early in life increases estrogen levels and reduces sexual motivation in male rats.
9 citations
,
August 1952 in “The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism” A 17-year-old female with adrenogenital syndrome produces very high levels of androgens, which prevent complete feminization despite high estrogen doses.
70 citations
,
April 2014 in “Annales d'endocrinologie” New genes and pathways are important for testosterone production and male sexual development.
Testosterone's health effects are complex and not definitively understood.
17 citations
,
February 2014 in “Pediatric Research”
1 citations
,
July 2021 in “Current Issues in Molecular Biology” Father's finasteride use may affect son's fertility and testicular function.
53 citations
,
January 1986 in “Endocrinology” Blocking a specific enzyme in male rat fetuses leads to the development of nipples and feminized genitalia.
173 citations
,
November 2004 in “Seminars in Reproductive Medicine” Adrenarche increases adrenal androgens around age 6, affecting hair growth and development.
May 2025 in “Journal of the ASEAN Federation of Endocrine Societies” A woman's increased hair growth during pregnancy due to PCOS resolved after delivery.
July 2025 in “Reproductive Biology” Finasteride use in male rats may harm their male offspring's liver function.
21 citations
,
December 2015 in “Development Growth & Differentiation” DHT is crucial for urethral formation, and its disruption can affect masculinization and lead to hypospadias.
January 2026 in “Hormones and Behavior” Pregnancy affects fear memory and brain activity in female rats.
October 2022 in “Biomedicines” Finasteride in male rats causes liver and metabolic issues in their offspring.
January 1983 in “Elsevier eBooks” Masculinization in affected individuals occurs gradually after puberty due to hormone changes.
September 2018 in “Fertility and Sterility” High levels of testosterone and anti-Müllerian hormone before pregnancy are linked to a higher risk of newborns needing intensive care.
September 2024 in “International Journal of Molecular Sciences” High doses of testosterone disrupt hormone levels and receptor expression in the uterus, affecting fertility.
26 citations
,
September 2005 in “Pharmacology Biochemistry and Behavior” 5alpha-reductase 2 is crucial for proper male brain development and sexual differentiation.
2 citations
,
March 2017 in “The Australian and New Zealand journal of obstetrics and gynaecology” We need better information on how fathers' exposures affect pregnancy.
17 citations
,
November 2017 in “Experimental physiology” Breathing in newborn rats is affected differently by hormones based on their sex.
46 citations
,
October 2012 in “Seminars in reproductive medicine” Genetic defects in androgen production are linked to male developmental disorders and are improving treatment understanding.
September 2008 in “Fertility and Sterility” Exposure to fatty acids significantly increased androgen levels in female dogs, suggesting a link to conditions like insulin resistance and PCOS.
6 citations
,
March 2009 in “Annals of Saudi Medicine” Finasteride use during early pregnancy may cause limb deformities in babies.
31 citations
,
January 2018 in “Pediatric annals” Early adrenal gland maturation in young children can be normal, but other serious conditions should be ruled out first.
2 citations
,
July 2020 in “Behavioural Brain Research” Changing neuroactive steroids in baby male rats affects their memory and learning differently as they grow up.