30 citations
,
March 1980 in “European Journal of Endocrinology” Adrenal androgens are important for puberty and are influenced by genetics.
46 citations
,
October 2012 in “Seminars in reproductive medicine” Genetic defects in androgen production are linked to male developmental disorders and are improving treatment understanding.
December 1981 in “Pediatric Research” 1 citations
,
June 2022 in “Frontiers in Neuroanatomy” Early hormones shape sex-specific differences in rat glands.
July 2001 in “APMIS. Acta pathologica, microbiologica et immunologica Scandinavica./APMIS” Male children's genital development issues can be caused by genetic mutations or environmental factors affecting hormone action.
26 citations
,
March 1981 in “Clinical Endocrinology” Oestrogen does not affect adrenal androgen levels in children and adolescents.
June 2011 in “Portuguese National Funding Agency for Science, Research and Technology (RCAAP Project by FCT)” Estrogens and androgens are crucial for male fertility.
54 citations
,
April 2010 in “Baillière's best practice and research in clinical endocrinology and metabolism/Baillière's best practice & research. Clinical endocrinology & metabolism” Impaired androgen production in 46,XY DSDs causes ambiguous genitalia and requires long-term care.
122 citations
,
July 1990 in “Teratology” Finasteride exposure in pregnancy causes genital abnormalities in male rats.
February 2018 in “PubMed” Society's pressure to have children later in life favors genes that increase the risk of early baldness in male offspring.
63 citations
,
December 2010 in “Journal of Endocrinology” Reduced neurosteroids and growth issues can harm fetal brain development, especially in males.
17 citations
,
February 2014 in “Pediatric Research” The document concludes that antiandrogenic drugs like cyproterone acetate and spironolactone are effective but not permanent treatments for skin-related androgenization in women.
21 citations
,
December 1977 in “Journal of pediatric surgery” Individuals with male pseudohermaphroditism often do better raised as females with early surgery.
April 2016 in “The FASEB Journal” Blocking androgen receptors early in life increases estrogen levels and reduces sexual motivation in male rats.
3 citations
,
December 2014 in “Elsevier eBooks” Male hormones and their interactions are crucial for male sexual development and characteristics.
31 citations
,
January 2018 in “Pediatric annals” Early adrenal gland maturation in young children can be normal, but other serious conditions should be ruled out first.
April 2019 in “Journal of the Endocrine Society” A 12-year-old boy with PAIS successfully developed male characteristics using high-dose testosterone and anastrozole.
September 2008 in “Fertility and Sterility” Exposure to fatty acids significantly increased androgen levels in female dogs, suggesting a link to conditions like insulin resistance and PCOS.
38 citations
,
May 1971 in “Clinical genetics” A specific metabolite, not a receptor protein, triggers the production of certain kidney enzymes, but this process is disrupted in mice with a mutation causing testicular feminization.
January 2020 in “Nihon Yakuri Gakkai nenkai yoshishu” Reducing 5α-reductase activity helps endometrial cells differentiate, aiding pregnancy.
January 2018 in “Elsevier eBooks” 5α-reductase-2 deficiency causes ambiguous genitalia at birth and affects male sexual development, but individuals often develop male characteristics at puberty.
1 citations
,
May 2018 in “Clinical chemistry” The girl's unexpected pubic hair growth led to a diagnosis different from complete androgen insensitivity syndrome.
35 citations
,
September 2009 in “Psychoneuroendocrinology” Early-life neurosteroid changes affect adolescent exploration and adult behavior.
November 2022 in “Journal of the Endocrine Society” A 13-year-old girl's masculine symptoms improved after surgery for a rare adrenal tumor that produced male hormones.
26 citations
,
September 2005 in “Pharmacology Biochemistry and Behavior” 5alpha-reductase 2 is crucial for proper male brain development and sexual differentiation.
17 citations
,
April 2009 in “Andrologia” A boy's early puberty caused by a testicular tumor returned to normal after surgery.
186 citations
,
February 1980 in “Clinical Endocrinology” During puberty, hormone levels rise, with early increases in some steroids and most menstrual cycles becoming regular by six years after menarche.
169 citations
,
November 2009 in “The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism” Prepubertal girls have higher sex steroid levels than boys, possibly leading to earlier puberty.
3 citations
,
January 2008 in “Endocrine journal” A new mutation linked to partial Androgen Insensitivity Syndrome and prostate cancer was found in a patient unhappy with their female gender assignment.