January 2020 in “Research Portal Denmark” A short male anogenital distance may indicate incomplete masculinization due to disrupted androgen action.
1 citations
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June 2022 in “Frontiers in Neuroanatomy” Early hormones shape sex-specific differences in rat glands.
26 citations
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September 2005 in “Pharmacology Biochemistry and Behavior” 5alpha-reductase 2 is crucial for proper male brain development and sexual differentiation.
November 2014 in “Elsevier eBooks” Gene mutations can cause problems in male genital development.
October 1984 in “Kidney international” The patient had complex urinary tract issues and ambiguous genitalia, with physical features suggesting a hormonal imbalance.
3 citations
,
January 2008 in “Endocrine journal” A new mutation linked to partial Androgen Insensitivity Syndrome and prostate cancer was found in a patient unhappy with their female gender assignment.
17 citations
,
February 2014 in “Pediatric Research” December 1981 in “Pediatric Research” 17 citations
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April 2009 in “Andrologia” A boy's early puberty caused by a testicular tumor returned to normal after surgery.
April 2016 in “The FASEB Journal” Blocking androgen receptors early in life increases estrogen levels and reduces sexual motivation in male rats.
January 2018 in “Elsevier eBooks” 5α-reductase-2 deficiency causes ambiguous genitalia at birth and affects male sexual development, but individuals often develop male characteristics at puberty.
83 citations
,
December 2004 in “American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology”
January 2025 in “BMJ Case Reports” Precocious puberty can signal familial adenomatous polyposis.
July 2024 in “Reproductive health of woman” Girls conceived via assisted reproductive technologies show early puberty signs and larger ovaries.
86 citations
,
March 1993 in “Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology” Finasteride affects male rat genitalia development, causing abnormalities during specific pregnancy days.
January 2026 in “Elsevier eBooks” June 2025 in “V F Snegirev Archives of Obstetrics and Gynecology” A six-year-old girl has early signs of puberty, needs no treatment, but requires regular check-ups for future health risks.
February 2025 in “Pediatric Dermatology” June 2011 in “Portuguese National Funding Agency for Science, Research and Technology (RCAAP Project by FCT)” Estrogens and androgens are crucial for male fertility.
1 citations
,
August 2012 in “Journal der Deutschen Dermatologischen Gesellschaft” A woman's hyperandrogenism was caused by a genetic mutation leading to non-classic adrenogenital syndrome.
September 2024 in “Pediatrics in Review” Parental support and gender-affirming care are crucial for the mental health of transgender adolescents.
63 citations
,
December 2010 in “Journal of Endocrinology” Reduced neurosteroids and growth issues can harm fetal brain development, especially in males.
31 citations
,
January 1989 in “The Prostate/The prostate” Estradiol and castration reduced prostate cancer development in rats when applied at early stages, but were ineffective after cancer was established.
54 citations
,
November 1995 in “The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism” Females with 5 alpha-reductase-2 deficiency have less body hair, no acne, normal fertility, and delayed menarche.
1 citations
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November 1995 in “Postgraduate medical journal” A Saudi individual initially identified as a girl had a genetic disorder affecting gender development.
53 citations
,
January 2006 in “The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism/Journal of clinical endocrinology & metabolism” Reduced AR gene methylation may cause early pubic hair growth in girls.
54 citations
,
April 2010 in “Baillière's best practice and research in clinical endocrinology and metabolism/Baillière's best practice & research. Clinical endocrinology & metabolism” Impaired androgen production in 46,XY DSDs causes ambiguous genitalia and requires long-term care.
Finasteride causes reproductive changes in male rats.
September 2024 in “Medicine theory and practice” A young girl's hyperandrogenism was caused by an adrenocortical adenoma, diagnosed and treated through detailed evaluations.
A 22-year-old woman with a rare genetic condition was successfully treated to develop normal female characteristics and regular menstruation.