113 citations
,
April 1999 in “The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism” Cyproterone acetate-estrogen most effective for hirsutism, but consider side effects and patient needs.
20 citations
,
April 2009 in “Fertility and Sterility”
65 citations
,
August 2007 in “Experimental Dermatology” Human hair follicles can make and process prostaglandins, which may affect hair growth.
2 citations
,
February 2023 in “BMC women's health” Birth control pills change the activity of certain inflammation and blood clotting genes in women with PCOS.
32 citations
,
September 2018 in “Clinical Obstetrics and Gynecology” Hormone therapy for transgender females increases the risk of blood clots and requires careful dosing, monitoring, and lifelong management.
5 citations
,
July 2020 in “PubMed” Both oral contraceptives reduced hirsutism in PCOS patients, but adding metformin showed no extra benefit.
4 citations
,
June 2003 in “Fertility and Sterility” Finasteride doesn't affect ovulation in normal women.
June 2020 in “Research Square (Research Square)” Oral contraceptives with CPA improve overall quality of life for women with PCOS.
Ovulation inhibitors effectively treat menstrual issues and improve fertility but can have side effects.
42 citations
,
July 1982 in “PubMed” Loestrin effectively normalizes testosterone levels and improves PCOS symptoms with minimal side effects.
1 citations
,
March 2025 in “Medical Molecular Morphology” Androgens affect the function and health of the endometrium.
1 citations
,
November 2022 in “Experimental cell research” Prostaglandin E2 collagen matrix may help stimulate hair growth.
December 2025 in “Current Issues in Molecular Biology” New steroid compounds may help with hormonal therapy and have potential benefits for glucose disorders, but more research is needed.
May 2012 in “Faculty Opinions – Post-Publication Peer Review of the Biomedical Literature” Prostaglandin D2, found in higher levels in bald scalps, stops hair growth, suggesting that blocking its receptor could potentially treat hair loss.
September 2017 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology Symposium Proceedings” Prostaglandin D2 increases testosterone production in skin cells through a process involving reactive oxygen species, which could be a new target for treating hair loss and other skin conditions driven by testosterone.
67 citations
,
March 2018 in “The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism” Oral contraceptives and antiandrogens are effective for treating hirsutism, with antiandrogens being the most effective.
2 citations
,
January 1966 in “American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology” More research is needed to find a cure for hair loss after pregnancy.
5 citations
,
July 2011 in “PubMed” Injected bimatoprost 0.03% solution did not effectively treat female-pattern hair loss.
May 2021 in “International journal of developmental research” Estrogens and progesterone are key in regulating melasma pigmentation.
23 citations
,
July 2003 in “Pharmacology, Biochemistry and Behavior” Finasteride blocks progesterone's effect on absence seizures in rats.
9 citations
,
March 2018 in “International journal of molecular sciences” Allopregnanolone changes gene expression in glioblastoma cells.
11 citations
,
May 2016 in “Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's Archives of Pharmacology” A substance called 15-deoxy prostaglandin J2 can cause hair follicle cells to die, which might explain how prostaglandin D2 can lead to hair loss.
32 citations
,
September 2010 in “Stress” Neurosteroids help protect fetal brains from asphyxia damage.
39 citations
,
August 2004 in “International journal of gynaecology and obstetrics” Finasteride and CPA-EE2 equally reduce hirsutism, but affect hormone levels differently.
1 citations
,
January 2004 in “Drugs” Ethinylestradiol/Chlormadinone Acetate is a safe and effective birth control pill that also helps regulate menstrual cycles, reduces period pain, and treats certain skin and hair conditions.
January 2020 in “Journal of St. Marianna University” Human placenta extract may promote hair growth by affecting certain lipid compounds.
7 citations
,
August 2010 in “Medicinal Chemistry Research” Some synthesized compounds were more effective than Finasteride in reducing prostate cancer cell growth and androgen levels.
24 citations
,
March 2003 in “Best Practice & Research Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism” Androgens, male hormones, play a role in both men and women's health, and testosterone therapy can help women with low levels, but it's not suitable for pregnant or lactating women, or those with certain conditions.
June 2026 in “Frontiers in Nutrition” GLP-1 receptor agonists can help manage PCOS metabolism but need careful use before conception.
December 2022 in “Indian Journal of Endocrinology and Metabolism” Six months of treatment improved PCOS symptoms and reduced AMH levels.