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GlossaryProgesterone

hormone regulating menstrual cycle and supporting early pregnancy

Progesterone is a hormone produced mainly in the ovaries after ovulation and plays a crucial role in regulating the menstrual cycle and maintaining the early stages of pregnancy. It helps prepare the uterine lining for a fertilized egg to implant and supports early pregnancy by preventing muscle contractions in the uterus that could cause the body to reject the egg.

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research Androgenic and anti-androgenic effects of progesterone derivatives with different halogens as substituents at the C-6 position

19 citations , June 1999 in “Steroids”

Different halogens on progesterone derivatives can either block or mimic male hormone effects, depending on their type and amount.

research [Favorable effects of estrogens and progesterones on general diseases].

October 1978 in “PubMed”

Estrogens and progesterones can help manage various health issues.

research Changes in Progesterone Metabolites in the Hippocampus Can Modulate Open Field and Forced Swim Test Behavior of Proestrous Rats

269 citations , May 2002 in “Hormones and Behavior”

Lowering 3α,5α-THP in the hippocampus increases anxiety and depression in proestrous rats.

research Anticonvulsant Activity of Progesterone and Neurosteroids in Progesterone Receptor Knockout Mice

180 citations , June 2004 in “Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics”

Progesterone's seizure-reducing effects are mainly due to allopregnanolone, not progesterone receptors.

research Anxiolytic activity of progesterone in progesterone receptor knockout mice

151 citations , December 2004 in “Neuropharmacology”

Progesterone reduces anxiety without needing progesterone receptors.

research Reduced metabolites mediate neuroprotective effects of progesterone in the adult rat hippocampus. The synthetic progestin medroxyprogesterone acetate (Provera) is not neuroprotective

123 citations , June 2006 in “Journal of Neurobiology”

Progesterone protects brain cells, but Provera does not.

research Puberty in Boys: Correlation of Plasma Levels of Gonadotropins (LH, FSH), Androgens (Testosterone, Androstenedione, Dehydroepiandrosterone and Its Sulfate), Estrogens (Estrone and Estradiol) and Progestins (Progesterone and 17-Hydroxyprogesterone)

96 citations , September 1975 in “The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism”

Hormone levels change during puberty, leading to physical developments like pubic hair and voice changes.

research Progesterone promotes the survival of newborn neurons in the dentate gyrus of adult male mice

85 citations , May 2009 in “Hippocampus”

Progesterone helps adult male mice grow more neurons and improves memory.

research Mechanism of progesterone neuroprotection of rat cerebellar Purkinje cells following oxygen–glucose deprivation

83 citations , November 2006 in “European Journal of Neuroscience”

Progesterone protects rat brain cells by enhancing GABA A receptor activity.

research Estrus, ovulation, and serum progesterone, estradiol, and LH concentrations in mares after an increased photoperiod during winter.

83 citations , February 1977 in “PubMed”

Increasing light exposure in winter can make mares ovulate and cycle earlier.

research Inhibition of progesterone metabolism mimics the effect of progesterone withdrawal on forced swim test immobility

60 citations , June 2007 in “Pharmacology Biochemistry and Behavior”

Blocking progesterone metabolism can cause depression-like behavior in mice.

research Finasteride, a 5alpha-reductase inhibitor, blocks the anticonvulsant activity of progesterone in mice.

48 citations , February 1999 in “PubMed”

Finasteride, a drug, can block the seizure-preventing effects of a hormone called progesterone in mice.

research Progesterone enhances ethanol-induced modulation of mesocortical dopamine neurons: antagonism by finasteride

47 citations , November 2002 in “Journal of Neurochemistry”

Progesterone boosts alcohol's effect on brain, finasteride counters it.

research Allopregnanolone-mediated protective effects of progesterone on tributyltin-induced neuronal injury in rat hippocampal slices

43 citations , December 2012 in “The Journal of Steroid Biochemistry and Molecular Biology”

Progesterone protects neurons from damage by converting to allopregnanolone, which works through GABAA receptors.

research Profile of the progesterone derivative chlormadinone acetate — Pharmocodynamic properties and therapeutic applications

33 citations , January 2009 in “Contraception”

Chlormadinone acetate is a strong, well-tolerated hormone used in birth control and hormone therapy with benefits for menstrual pain and skin conditions.

research Progesterone Pretreatment Enhances Serotonin-Stimulated BDNF Gene Expression in Rat C6 Glioma Cells Through Production of 5α-Reduced Neurosteroids

33 citations , January 2008 in “Journal of Molecular Neuroscience”

research Progesterone, neurosteroids, and the hormonal basis of catamenial epilepsy

30 citations , February 2003 in “Annals of Neurology”

Progesterone and related compounds may help control seizures linked to the menstrual cycle but have limitations that need addressing.

research Progesterone and allopregnanolone enhance the miniature synaptic release of glycine in the rat hypoglossal nucleus

28 citations , November 2009 in “European Journal of Neuroscience”

Progesterone and allopregnanolone increase glycine release in rat brain cells.

research Chronic progesterone treatment augments while dehydroepiandrosterone sulphate prevents tolerance to ethanol anxiolysis and withdrawal anxiety in rats

27 citations , April 2007 in “European Journal of Pharmacology”

Progesterone increases alcohol tolerance and withdrawal anxiety, while DHEAS prevents them.

research Novel anticonvulsive effects of progesterone in a mouse model of hippocampal electrical kindling

26 citations , November 2013 in “Neuroscience”

Progesterone can reduce seizures without relying on the GABAA receptor pathway.

research Finasteride inhibits the disease-modifying activity of progesterone in the hippocampus kindling model of epileptogenesis

26 citations , July 2012 in “Epilepsy & Behavior”

Finasteride worsens seizures in epilepsy rats and speeds up epileptogenesis in mice.

research Progesterone Inhibits the Growth of Human Neuroblastoma: In Vitro and In Vivo Evidence

26 citations , June 2011 in “Molecular Medicine”

Progesterone significantly reduces neuroblastoma tumor growth without harming healthy cells.

research Changes in expression of the δ subunit of the GABA_Areceptor and in receptor function induced by progesterone exposure and withdrawal

25 citations , July 2006 in “Journal of Neurochemistry”

Progesterone affects GABA_A receptor function by altering δ subunit levels.

research Estrus, Ovulation, and Serum Progesterone, Estradiol, and LH Concentrations in Mares After an Increased Photoperiod During Winter

25 citations , February 1977 in “American Journal of Veterinary Research”

Increasing daylight to 16 hours in winter can make mares ovulate and cycle earlier.

Finasteride Inhibits the Progesterone-Induced Spike-Wave Discharges in a Genetic Model of Absence Epilepsy

research Progesterone-induced stimulation of mammary tumorigenesis is due to the progesterone metabolite, 5α-dihydroprogesterone (5αP) and can be suppressed by the 5α-reductase inhibitor, finasteride

21 citations , January 2015 in “The Journal of Steroid Biochemistry and Molecular Biology”

Progesterone byproduct 5αP stimulates mammary tumor growth, but finasteride can suppress it.

research Weak correlations between serum and cerebrospinal fluid levels of estradiol, progesterone and testosterone in males

19 citations , October 2019 in “BMC Neuroscience”

Blood hormone levels don't accurately show brain hormone levels in males.

research Molecular interactions of progesterone derivatives with 5α-reductase types 1 and 2 and androgen receptors

19 citations , March 2010 in “Steroids”

Certain progesterone derivatives can inhibit enzymes and reduce androgenic activity, potentially affecting prostate growth.