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GlossaryInflammatory Proteins

molecules that trigger and sustain the body's inflammatory response

Inflammatory proteins, also known as pro-inflammatory proteins, are molecules produced by the immune system that play a crucial role in initiating and sustaining inflammation. These proteins, such as cytokines and chemokines, help the body respond to infections and injuries by signaling immune cells to the affected area, but excessive or chronic production can lead to conditions like autoimmune diseases and chronic inflammation.

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research SARS-CoV-2 Spike Protein S1-Mediated Endothelial Injury and Pro-Inflammatory State Is Amplified by Dihydrotestosterone and Prevented by Mineralocorticoid Antagonism

50 citations , November 2021 in “Viruses”

Spironolactone may help reduce COVID-19 severity in men by blocking harmful effects of certain hormones.

Epidermal Keratinocytes Initiate Wound Healing and Pro-Inflammatory Immune Responses Following Percutaneous Schistosome Infection

research Epidermal keratinocytes initiate wound healing and pro-inflammatory immune responses following percutaneous schistosome infection

39 citations , January 2015 in “International journal for parasitology/International Journal for Parasitology”

Epidermal keratinocytes start wound healing and inflammation after schistosome infection.

research FC053 Pro-inflammatory cytokine cascade in human plucked hair

September 1997 in “JEADV. Journal of the European Academy of Dermatology and Venereology/Journal of the European Academy of Dermatology and Venereology”

Anti-IL-1 treatments might help with certain types of hair loss in people with high inflammation.

research 865 Single-cell protein activity inference analysis of full-thickness skin uncovers novel pathways and a rare Arg1+ macrophage population in AA

July 2022 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology”

Arg1+ macrophages may play a role in Alopecia Areata, offering new treatment targets.

Chemokine C-C Motif Ligand 7 (CCL7), a Biomarker of Atherosclerosis, Is Associated with the Severity of Alopecia Areata: A Preliminary Study

research Chemokine C-C Motif Ligand 7 (CCL7), a Biomarker of Atherosclerosis, Is Associated with the Severity of Alopecia Areata: A Preliminary Study

4 citations , November 2021 in “Journal of Clinical Medicine”

Higher levels of CCL7 are linked to more severe hair loss in alopecia areata patients.

research The Effect of the Aqueous Extract of Bidens Pilosa L. on Androgen Deficiency Dry Eye in Rats

27 citations , January 2016 in “Cellular Physiology and Biochemistry”

Bidens pilosa L. extract effectively treats androgen deficiency dry eye in rats.

research Inflammatory perifollicular fibrosis and alopecia

10 citations , June 1998 in “International Journal of Dermatology”

Inflammation around hair follicles leads to hair loss, and treatments should focus on reducing this inflammation and other factors for effectiveness.

research Scalp Microbiome Alterations in Androgenetic Alopecia: Patterns and Emerging Mechanistic Insights

March 2026 in “International Journal of Dermatology”

Changes in scalp microbes may contribute to hair loss, suggesting new treatment options.

A Cross-Sectional Study on Post-Coronavirus Disease Hair Loss at a Tertiary Care Hospital

research A Cross-Sectional Study on Post-Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19) Hair Loss at a Tertiary Care Hospital

October 2023 in “Dermatology practical & conceptual”

Many patients experienced hair loss after COVID-19, with women affected more, starting on average 49 days post-infection.

research Case Report: Reversing Gray Hair Associated With COVID-19: A Coincidence or a Clue?

July 2024

COVID-19 might cause gray hair to regain color.

research Effects of Microwave-Assisted Opuntia humifusa Extract in Inhibiting the Impacts of Particulate Matter on Human Keratinocyte Skin Cell

26 citations , March 2020 in “Antioxidants”

Microwave-assisted Opuntia humifusa extract protects skin cells from pollution damage.

research Systemic Circulating Leptin – Aiding New Dimension of Immune-Related Skin Carcinogenesis and Lipid Metabolism

2 citations , April 2023 in “South East European Journal of Immunology”

High leptin levels may promote skin cancer and inflammation, suggesting potential for leptin-targeted therapies.

research Identification of immune microenvironment changes, immune-related pathways and genes in male androgenetic alopecia

September 2023 in “Medicine”

The research suggests immune system changes and specific gene expression may contribute to male hair loss, proposing potential new treatments.

Correlation Between COVID-19 and Telogen Effluvium and Its Social Impacts

research CORRELAÇÃO ENTRE COVID-19 E EFLÚVIO TELÓGENO E SEUS IMPACTOS SOCIAIS

May 2022

COVID-19 may be linked to hair loss called Telogen Effluvium, affecting quality of life and self-esteem.

research The human skin as a hormone target and an endocrine gland

146 citations , January 2004 in “Hormones”

Human skin acts like a hormone-producing organ, making and managing various hormones important for skin and hair health.

research Proinflammatory cytokines regulate epidermal stem cells in wound epithelialization

65 citations , June 2020 in “Stem Cell Research & Therapy”

Certain immune system proteins are important for skin healing but can cause problems if there are too many of them.

research Pathophysiology of Insulin Resistance and Related Skin Diseases ( Review Article)

2 citations , December 2024 in “Sohag Medical Journal”

Insulin resistance can lead to skin problems like acne and psoriasis.

research Induction of autophagy improves skin and hair conditions in dogs with underlying diseases

1 citations , January 2023 in “Frontiers in veterinary science”

Activating autophagy in dogs with certain diseases improves their skin and hair.

research Detection of Serum Levels of Interleukins-17, 21, 6 and Tumor Necrosis Factor-α in Patients with Patchy Alopecia Areata and Their Association with Disease Severity

September 2025 in “Diseases”

Higher levels of certain proteins in the blood are linked to more severe patchy alopecia areata.

research Hot Stuff: Thermal Imaging Aids in Cellulitis Diagnosis

4 citations , February 2018 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology”

The document concludes that a protein involved in hair growth may link to baldness and that more research is needed on its role in hair loss and skin cancer treatments.

research An Animal Model of Trichloroethylene-Induced Skin Sensitization in BALB/c Mice

36 citations , June 2015 in “International journal of toxicology”

Trichloroethylene causes skin inflammation in mice by increasing certain immune proteins.

ADM Scaffolds Generate a Pro-Regenerative Microenvironment During Full-Thickness Cutaneous Wound Healing Through M2 Macrophage Polarization via Lamtor1

research ADM Scaffolds Generate a Pro-regenerative Microenvironment During Full-Thickness Cutaneous Wound Healing Through M2 Macrophage Polarization via Lamtor1

17 citations , June 2018 in “Frontiers in Physiology”

ADM scaffolds help skin heal by promoting a healing-type immune response.

research Epidermolysis Bullosa Simplex Caused by Distal Truncation of BPAG1-e: An Intermediate Generalized Phenotype with Prurigo Papules

14 citations , May 2017 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology”

A rare gene mutation causes skin fragility and itching without affecting hair or nails.

Air Pollution, Autophagy, and Skin Aging: Impact of Particulate Matter on Human Dermal Fibroblasts

research Air Pollution, Autophagy, and Skin Aging: Impact of Particulate Matter (PM10) on Human Dermal Fibroblasts

68 citations , September 2018 in “International Journal of Molecular Sciences”

Air pollution (PM10) increases skin inflammation and aging by reducing collagen and may trigger a repair response in skin cells.

research Bioengineering a humanized acne microenvironment model: Proteomics analysis of host responses to Propionibacterium acnes infection in vivo

40 citations , July 2008 in “PROTEOMICS”

A new model helps study acne and test treatments.

research Effects of a complex mixture prepared from agrimonia, houttuynia, licorice, peony, and phellodendron on human skin cells

4 citations , December 2020 in “Scientific Reports”

The plant extract mixture improves skin health by reducing inflammation, boosting collagen, and supporting anti-aging.

research Innovative Reports on the Effects of Anabolic Androgenic Steroid Abuse—How to Lose Your Mind for the Love of Sport

August 2023 in “Medicina-lithuania”

Abusing steroids can damage your heart, muscles, reproductive system, liver, skin, and brain, and may increase the risk of Alzheimer's disease.

research Single-Cell RNA Profiling of Human Skin Reveals Age-Related Loss of Dermal Sheath Cells and Their Contribution to a Juvenile Phenotype

37 citations , January 2022 in “Frontiers in Genetics”

Aging reduces dermal sheath cells, affecting youthful skin appearance.

research Efficacy and Potential Mechanisms of Naringin in Atopic Dermatitis

4 citations , October 2024 in “International Journal of Molecular Sciences”

Naringin may help treat atopic dermatitis by reducing inflammation and improving the skin barrier.

Protective Role of Agomelatine via Modulation of TLR4/NF-κB: NLRP3/IL-1β Signaling Pathways in Testosterone-Induced Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia in Rats

research Protective role of agomelatine via modulation of TLR4/NF-κB: NLRP3/IL-1β signaling pathways in testosterone-induced benign prostatic hyperplasia in rats

December 2025 in “Naunyn-Schmiedeberg s Archives of Pharmacology”

Agomelatine may help reduce benign prostatic hyperplasia by blocking certain inflammatory pathways.