February 2026 in “The Journal of Sexual Medicine” GnRH agonists can help manage recurrent priapism in sickle cell patients, but long-term safety is unclear.
31 citations
,
September 2020 in “Clinical endocrinology” Some antiandrogens may lower testosterone better than others, but it's unclear which is best for feminization in transgender women; more research is needed.
Finasteride causes reproductive malformations in male rats.
2 citations
,
January 2014 in “International Journal of Endocrinology” Women with a certain type of tumor had higher levels of pregnancy hormone and male hormones, which decreased after treatment.
67 citations
,
April 1988 in “The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism” A subtle androgen receptor abnormality can allow normal male development and sometimes fertility despite partial androgen resistance.
4 citations
,
January 1994 in “Journal of hepatology” Cyclosporine A therapy changes sex hormone levels differently in pre-menopausal and post-menopausal women with primary biliary cirrhosis.
50 citations
,
May 2020 in “Journal of Clinical Medicine” Non-binary transgender individuals need personalized hormonal treatments for better well-being and quality of life.
44 citations
,
January 2013 in “International Journal of Trichology” Finasteride 5 mg/day effectively treats hair loss in postmenopausal women without hyper-androgenism.
12 citations
,
March 2018 in “Medicine” A postmenopausal woman's hirsutism and high testosterone levels improved after surgery for an ovarian tumor not seen on ultrasound.
25 citations
,
August 2006 in “Human Reproduction” Oral contraceptives lower testosterone levels in women, especially those with certain genetic traits, and may be linked to increased breast cancer risk.
202 citations
,
January 1989 in “Journal of Clinical Investigation” Insulin changes sex hormone levels in women with polycystic ovary syndrome without affecting other hormone releases.
April 2024 in “Canadian Women s Health Today” PCOS treatment focuses on lifestyle changes and specific medications to manage symptoms and complications.
34 citations
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January 2011 in “Fundamental & Clinical Pharmacology” New treatments for PCOS show promise, but no current medication treats all aspects of the condition.
March 2014 in “Fertility and Sterility” The April 2014 issue of "Fertility and Sterility" discussed various reproductive health topics, including hormone therapy benefits, sperm and genetic factors in male infertility, and the link between PCOS and diabetes.
45 citations
,
April 2021 in “Current Treatment Options in Oncology” ADT for prostate cancer may harm the heart, but GnRH antagonists might be safer.
5 citations
,
October 2013 in “Endocrine” Blood tests can detect ovarian Leydig cell tumors when scans don't, and surgery can confirm and treat these tumors.
October 2024 in “Journal of the Endocrine Society” Leydig cell tumors can cause high testosterone and symptoms in postmenopausal women, and removing them improves symptoms.
November 2022 in “Journal of the Endocrine Society” A woman's small ovarian tumor causing high androgen levels was missed by several scans but found during surgery.
1 citations
,
February 2024 in “Gynecological Endocrinology” Medroxyprogesterone acetate is as effective as oral contraceptives for resuming ovulation in women with PCOS.
3 citations
,
December 1997 in “Pediatric Clinics of North America” Pediatricians should advise sexually active teens on safe sex and STD prevention, and discuss contraceptive options and their side effects.
2 citations
,
November 2012 in “InTech eBooks” The document concludes that sex hormones are crucial for mammalian reproduction, health, and behavior, and require more research for therapeutic use.
94 citations
,
April 2002 in “The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism/Journal of clinical endocrinology & metabolism” A new gene mutation causes female pseudohermaphroditism due to glucocorticoid resistance.
1 citations
,
October 2012 in “Gynäkologische Endokrinologie” The document concludes that proper diagnosis and individualized treatment are crucial for managing androgenization in women effectively.
3 citations
,
August 2004 in “International journal of gynaecology and obstetrics” Finasteride doesn't change polycystic ovary size or cyst number, suggesting testosterone's role in their appearance.
December 2022 in “Journal of Medical Case Reports” A 20-year-old woman was found to have a rare ovarian tumor causing symptoms like acne and a low-pitched voice, which disappeared after the tumor was removed.
9 citations
,
January 2007 in “Endocrine Practice” A woman's male-like symptoms and high testosterone were due to ovarian hilus-cell hyperplasia, which improved after surgery.
78 citations
,
November 2008 in “Fertility and Sterility” Amenorrhea is relatively rare and initial testing should check FSH, TSH, and prolactin levels.