Pseudofolliculitis causes painful bumps and dark spots from shaving, especially in people with curly hair, and can be treated by changing shaving habits and using specific topical treatments.
46 citations
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August 2016 in “Journal of The American Academy of Dermatology” The study found that family history, personal history of adolescent acne, no pregnancies, hirsutism, office work, stress, and low intake of fruits/vegetables and fish are risk factors for adult female acne.
2 citations
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July 2008 in “Paediatrics & child health” Severe acne in a young girl may indicate underlying hormonal issues.
2 citations
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July 2021 in “Annales De Dermatologie Et De Venereologie” Vulvar acne, also known as "vulvar Fordyce adenitis", is a condition causing painful bumps on the labia, and it's not always effectively treated with common acne medications, but isotretinoin has shown promise.
December 2020 in “The journal of investigative dermatology/Journal of investigative dermatology” Papulopustular rosacea is an inflammatory skin condition treatable with lifestyle changes and medications.
126 citations
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October 1983 in “Journal of The American Academy of Dermatology” Isotretinoin effectively treats severe acne and similar conditions, but has common, mostly reversible side effects, requiring careful patient monitoring.
October 2024 in “OBM Transplantation” PRGF can improve acne and scars.
5 citations
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February 2025 in “Drug Development Research” Repurposed drugs offer a promising, safe, and effective acne treatment.
7 citations
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July 2019 in “The Journal of Dermatology” Terbinafine effectively treated kerion celsi despite disrupted immune responses.
1 citations
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August 2022 in “American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene” Scalp abscesses can occur after hair loss treatments and may be caused by Mycobacterium abscessus.
4 citations
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December 2021 in “The journal of investigative dermatology/Journal of investigative dermatology” Overactive Wnt signaling in mouse skin stem cells causes acne-like cysts and shrinking oil glands, which some treatments can partially fix.
September 2017 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology” Researchers created human cells that can turn into sebocytes, which may help study and treat skin conditions like acne.
June 2023 in “Lithuanian University of Health Sciences” Acne tarda is more common in women and those with darker skin, often linked to hormonal imbalances, and requires tailored treatment based on severity.
January 2026 in “International Journal of Dermatology Venereology and Leprosy Sciences” Metformin may improve acanthosis nigricans by reducing insulin resistance.
17 citations
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June 2017 in “Journal of pharmaceutical sciences” Researchers developed a nanomedicine for acne treatment that delivers medication with less irritation and is non-irritating for oily skin.
December 2020 in “Benha Journal of Applied Sciences” People with severe acne tend to have higher levels of betatrophin.
22 citations
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October 2007 in “JDDG Journal der Deutschen Dermatologischen Gesellschaft” Combining isotretinoin and dapsone effectively treated a challenging scalp condition.
April 2026 in “International Journal of Homoeopathic Sciences” Individualized homeopathic treatment improved acne when conventional methods failed.
April 2018 in “The journal of investigative dermatology/Journal of investigative dermatology” Androgens increase growth factors in skin cells, which may lead to acne.
46 citations
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November 2004 in “Lipids” PPARs help regulate skin health and could be used to treat skin disorders.
200 citations
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August 2009 in “Experimental dermatology” Eating high-glycemic foods and drinking milk may worsen acne by increasing insulin and IGF-1 levels.
1 citations
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September 2001 in “PubMed” Acitretin treats severe skin conditions but requires careful monitoring due to serious side effects.
March 2024 in “Ukraïnsʹkij žurnal dermatologìï, venerologìï, kosmetologìï” Topical retinoids are important for treating acne effectively and safely.
14 citations
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January 2020 in “Dermatology Online Journal” Some dietary supplements, like vitamins B6/B12, iodine, whey protein, and muscle-building products, can cause or worsen acne.
2 citations
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August 2021 in “Australasian Journal of Dermatology” Acne in adult women is often linked to polycystic ovary syndrome, especially in those who are younger, have premenstrual acne flare-ups, and irregular periods.
8 citations
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August 2015 in “Experimental Dermatology” Hidradenitis suppurativa may involve gut and oral bacteria, suggesting targeted treatments could help.
1 citations
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August 2023 in “Clinical, Cosmetic and Investigational Dermatology” A condition with certain scalp changes may come before acne keloidalis nuchae and other similar hair loss disorders.
August 2023 in “Dermatology Reports” Acne not improved by usual treatments may indicate a genetic disorder.
January 2024 in “MEDS Chinese Medicine” Acupuncture can effectively treat acne.
April 2021 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology” People with atopic dermatitis have more CD4+ T cells that respond to a certain bacterial lipid, which may play a role in the skin condition's inflammation.