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Did you mean Protein Kinase C?

GlossaryProtein Kinase C

enzymes that regulate various cellular functions by phosphorylating proteins

Protein Kinase C (PKC) is a family of enzymes that play a crucial role in several cellular processes, including cell growth, differentiation, and apoptosis (programmed cell death). These enzymes are activated by signals such as increases in the concentration of calcium ions or diacylglycerol (DAG), and they function by phosphorylating various target proteins, thereby altering their activity. PKC is significant in many physiological and pathological processes, making it a key focus in research related to cancer, cardiovascular diseases, and neurological disorders.

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research Protein Kinase C Downregulation upon Rapamycin Treatment Attenuates Neuroinflammation and Mitochondrial Disease

December 2020 in “Innovation in aging”

Rapamycin treatment helps reduce brain inflammation and symptoms of mitochondrial disease by blocking specific pathways in mice.

research Inhibition of the development of metastatic squamous cell carcinoma in protein kinase C epsilon transgenic mice by alpha-difluoromethylornithine accompanied by marked hair follicle degeneration and hair loss.

26 citations , June 2003 in “PubMed”

Alpha-difluoromethylornithine prevents cancer in mice but causes hair loss.

research Foxn1 promotes keratinocyte differentiation by regulating the activity of protein kinase C

26 citations , May 2007 in “Differentiation”

Foxn1 helps skin cells mature by controlling a specific protein's activity.

research Protein Kinase C δ Overexpressing Transgenic Mice Are Resistant to Chemically but not to UV Radiation–Induced Development of Squamous Cell Carcinomas: A Possible Link to Specific Cytokines and Cyclooxygenase-2

35 citations , January 2006 in “Cancer Research”

Mice with extra PKCδ resist chemical-induced skin cancer but not UV-induced.

research Protein Kinase Cε, which Sensitizes Skin to Sun's UV Radiation–Induced Cutaneous Damage and Development of Squamous Cell Carcinomas, Associates with Stat3

76 citations , February 2007 in “Cancer Research”

Protein Kinase Cε increases skin sensitivity to UV damage and skin cancer risk.

research The biphasic regulatory effect of diphencyprone on mouse hair growth and its relation to protein kinase C isoforms

March 1998 in “Journal of dermatological science”

Diphencyprone initially increases mouse hair growth, then slows it, possibly due to changes in specific protein levels.

research Protein Kinase C Epsilon Signals Ultraviolet Light-induced Cutaneous Damage and Development of Squamous Cell Carcinoma Possibly Through Induction of Specific Cytokines in a Paracrine Mechanism¶

28 citations , January 2005 in “Photochemistry and Photobiology”

Protein kinase C epsilon may increase skin cancer risk by affecting nearby cells.

research Protein Kinase C Epsilon Signals Ultraviolet Light‐induced Cutaneous Damage and Development of Squamous Cell Carcinoma Possibly Through Induction of Specific Cytokines in a Paracrine Mechanism^¶

3 citations , January 2005 in “Photochemistry and Photobiology”

Protein kinase C epsilon may promote skin cancer development after UV exposure by affecting nearby cells.

research Induction of hair growth by skin irritants and its relation to skin protein kinase C isoforms

10 citations , April 1999 in “British journal of dermatology/British journal of dermatology, Supplement”

Skin irritants can promote hair growth by affecting specific skin proteins.

research Topical Application of a Protein Kinase C Inhibitor Reduces Skin and Hair Pigmentation

60 citations , January 2004 in “The journal of investigative dermatology/Journal of investigative dermatology”

Applying a specific inhibitor lightens skin and hair color.

Protein Kinase C Epsilon, Which Is Linked to Ultraviolet Radiation-Induced Development of Squamous Cell Carcinomas, Stimulates Rapid Turnover of Adult Hair Follicle Stem Cells

research Protein Kinase Cε, Which Is Linked to Ultraviolet Radiation-Induced Development of Squamous Cell Carcinomas, Stimulates Rapid Turnover of Adult Hair Follicle Stem Cells

10 citations , January 2013 in “Journal of skin cancer”

PKC ε increases hair follicle stem cell turnover and may raise skin cancer risk.

research The Mammalian Hairless Protein as a DNA Binding Phosphoprotein

6 citations , June 2016 in “Journal of cellular biochemistry”

The Hr protein binds to DNA, interacts with p53, and affects cell cycle genes.

research Protein Kinase C as a Therapeutic Target

87 citations , September 2006 in “Clinical Cancer Research”

Protein Kinase C shows promise for cancer treatment, but more research is needed to develop effective inhibitors.

research Overexpression of protein kinase C-α in the epidermis of transgenic mice results in striking alterations in phorbol ester-induced inflammation and COX-2, MIP-2 and TNF-α expression but not tumor promotion

135 citations , October 1999 in “Journal of Cell Science”

Overexpressing PKCα in mice skin increases inflammation but doesn't affect tumor growth.

research Activation of Cutaneous Protein Kinase Cα Induces Keratinocyte Apoptosis and Intraepidermal Inflammation by Independent Signaling Pathways

74 citations , September 2003 in “The Journal of Immunology”

Activating PKCα in skin causes cell death and inflammation through different pathways.

research Adipose tissue protects against skin photodamage through CD151- and AdipoQ- EVs

December 2024 in “Cell Communication and Signaling”

Fat tissue vesicles protect skin from UV damage better than stem cell vesicles.

research 477 Dietary fat- and obesity-sensitive dermal adipocyte PKCβ induction and inflammation cross-talk

April 2017 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology”

Eating a lot of fat increases PKCβ and inflammation in skin fat cells, which affects skin and hair health.

RPGRIP1L Facilitates Desmosomal Adhesion Through Suppressing PKCβII-Mediated Desmoglein Endocytosis: Implication in Pemphigus

research 441 RPGRIP1L facilitates desmosomal adhesion through suppressing PKCβII-mediated desmoglein endocytosis: Implication in pemphigus

April 2016 in “The journal of investigative dermatology/Journal of investigative dermatology”

RPGRIP1L helps skin cells stick together by blocking PKCβII, which can prevent skin blistering like in pemphigus.

research PKC downregulation upon rapamycin treatment attenuates mitochondrial disease

26 citations , December 2020 in “Nature metabolism”

Rapamycin treatment helps with mitochondrial disease by reducing PKC levels.

research Two distinct signaling pathways in hair cycle induction: Stat3-dependent and -independent pathways

73 citations , November 2000 in “Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America”

There are two ways to start hair growth: one needs Stat3 and the other does not, but both need PI3K activation.

research Androgen-induced norepinephrine release in male accessory sex organ smooth muscle growth and differentiation

October 2019

Androgens increase norepinephrine release, promoting smooth muscle growth in male sex organs, which may contribute to benign prostatic hypertrophy.

research Interleukin-1β Is Differentially Expressed by Human Dermal Papilla Cells in Response to PKC Activation and Is a Potent Inhibitor of Human Hair Follicle Growth in Organ Culture

38 citations , March 1997 in “Journal of interferon & cytokine research”

IL-1β inhibits human hair follicle growth.

research Protein kinase C is a key target for attenuation of Leigh syndrome by rapamycin

5 citations , February 2019 in “bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory)”

Rapamycin may help treat Leigh syndrome by targeting protein kinase C.

research Transgenic mice overexpressing protein kinase C epsilon in their epidermis exhibit reduced papilloma burden but enhanced carcinoma formation after tumor promotion.

99 citations , February 2000 in “PubMed”

Overexpressing PKCepsilon in mice reduces papillomas but increases carcinomas.

research Wedelolactone, a medicinal plant-derived coumestan, induces caspase-dependent apoptosis in prostate cancer cells via downregulation of PKCε without inhibiting Akt

83 citations , October 2012 in “International Journal of Oncology”

Wedelolactone selectively kills prostate cancer cells without harming normal cells.

research Atypical Protein Kinase C Isoform, aPKCλ, Is Essential for Maintaining Hair Follicle Stem Cell Quiescence

24 citations , June 2015 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology”

aPKCλ is crucial for keeping hair follicle stem cells inactive and maintaining normal hair growth.

research Comparative analysis of stemness between dermal papilla cells and human dermalstem/progenitor cells

April 2025 in “Cellular and Molecular Biology”

Human dermal stem/progenitor cells can divide and differentiate more than hair follicle dermal papilla cells.

research l-Ascorbic acid 2-phosphate promotes elongation of hair shafts via the secretion of insulin-like growth factor-1 from dermal papilla cells through phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase

34 citations , March 2009 in “British journal of dermatology/British journal of dermatology, Supplement”

Vitamin C derivative helps hair grow longer by making cells produce a growth factor through a specific cellular pathway.

research 547 CDK9 Kinase Activation in Association with AFF1-SEC Initiate Epidermal Progenitor differentiation

November 2022 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology”

NCSTN gene mutation causes abnormal skin cell differentiation and more inflammation, contributing to Hidradenitis Suppurativa.

research Regulation of Involucrin Gene Expression

138 citations , June 2004 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology”

Involucrin gene expression is controlled by specific proteins and signaling pathways.