The nail immune system is similar to hair but different from skin, with fewer immune markers.
August 2009 in “Belarusian State Pedagogical University repository (Belarusian State Pedagogical University)” Alopecia areata in children is often linked to genetics, autoimmune issues, and stress, and is treated with corticoids or PUVA therapy.
The man had myotonia, which caused delayed hand grip relaxation.
November 2006 in “Dermatologic Surgery” Cutting hair follicles into pieces for transplantation results in poor growth and thinner hair, and the technique is more invasive than previously thought.
January 2002 in “대한피부과학회지” Most patients with dermatomyositis had skin rash and were treated with prednisolone and hydroxychloroquine.
January 2017 in “대한미용학회지” The cuticle layer in hair follicles thickens during keratinization due to incomplete cytosol loss.
30 citations
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January 1994 in “Micron” Mature hair surfaces are formed by keratinized cells with developed layers, not just modified plasma membranes.
11 citations
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January 1981 in “Cells Tissues Organs” Human hair cuticle has five cell layers with specific junctions and granules.
6 citations
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December 2018 in “International Journal of Cosmetic Science” CARB is a strong barrier in human hair that prevents dye penetration.
95 citations
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January 2009 in “Journal of Biomedical Optics” Nanoparticles penetrate hair follicles better when their size matches the cuticula thickness.
10 citations
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January 2010 in “International journal of trichology” Keratin-associated proteins are part of the developing hair fiber cuticle.
11 citations
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January 2016 in “Biointerphases” The hair's outermost surface has multiple layers of lipids and proteins.
11 citations
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January 1977 in “Archives of dermatological research” Mouse tail skin has different keratinization near hair follicles and scales.
59 citations
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August 1981 in “PubMed” Trichilemmal keratinization is a unique process in hair follicles where the outer root sheath turns into keratin without a specific layer.
February 1999 in “The anatomical record” Two mouse mutants have defective hair cuticle cross-linking.
8 citations
,
July 2004 in “Journal of morphology” Marsupial hair structure and keratin distribution are similar to placental mammals.
25 citations
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October 1962 in “Journal of Ultrastructure Research” The hair follicle structure is more complex than thought, with new findings on protein formation.
356 citations
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December 1986 in “The journal of cell biology/The Journal of cell biology” Hair and nail cells share similar proteins, indicating a common differentiation pathway.
9 citations
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February 2016 in “Anatomical Science International” Hair proteins change location and structure as hair cells mature.
35 citations
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September 1994 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology” 9 citations
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July 2008 in “Archives of Dermatological Research”
April 2018 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology” The keratin network in mouse skin changes during cornification and affects the skin's protective barrier.
17 citations
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January 2013 in “Journal of Cutaneous Pathology” The onychodermis helps anchor the nail bed and may aid in nail formation.
15 citations
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May 2010 in “International Journal of Cosmetic Science” The cell membrane complex in mammalian hair has three distinct types with different structures and chemical properties.
3 citations
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September 2005 in “Experimental dermatology” The cornified envelope is crucial for skin's barrier function and involves key proteins and genetic factors.
23 citations
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December 1977 in “Virchows Archiv B Cell Pathology” 11 citations
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May 2013 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology” KRTAP10 proteins help form the hair shaft's tough outer layer by interacting with specific hair keratins.
5 citations
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October 2020 in “Experimental dermatology” A specific type of skin cell creates an opening for hair to grow out, and problems with this process can lead to skin conditions.
December 2021 in “Journal of natural fibers” The conclusion is that new methods for isolating hair cuticle cells and removing the cuticle layer are effective and convenient.