June 2022 in “European Psychiatry” Eating disorders in gender dysphoria patients may be a coping mechanism for body image issues.
51 citations
,
August 2012 in “Differentiation” Mouse genital development depends on male or female hormones for specific features.
13 citations
,
June 1984 in “Postgraduate Medicine” Pregnancy can cause various skin changes, including pigmentation, acne, and stretch marks, and may affect preexisting skin conditions.
January 2023 in “Archives of Disease in Childhood Education & Practice” Hirsutism in teens is often due to polycystic ovarian syndrome and needs careful assessment and support.
2 citations
,
April 2023 in “BMC endocrine disorders” The link between physical signs of high male hormones and hormone levels in women with PCOS changes with age.
176 citations
,
August 2000 in “The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism/Journal of clinical endocrinology & metabolism” Hormone treatments in transsexual individuals reduce hair growth and oil production in male-to-females and increase them in female-to-males.
April 2021 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology” Transgender patients on hormone therapy experience more acne and hair loss, but less skin inflammation.
October 2023 in “Journal of the Endocrine Society” Hormonal therapy in adults with gender dysphoria often leads to skin issues like acne, requiring a team of skin and hormone doctors.
1 citations
,
November 2007 in “Neuro-chirurgie/Neurochirurgie” Cyproterone acetate is a safe treatment that causes modest feminization in transgender female adolescents, and works better with added estrogens.
July 2001 in “Pediatrics in review” The girl's increased hair growth and other symptoms were due to a hormone-secreting ovarian tumor, which was successfully treated with surgery.
54 citations
,
November 1995 in “The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism” Females with 5 alpha-reductase-2 deficiency have less body hair, no acne, normal fertility, and delayed menarche.
33 citations
,
January 2016 in “Skin appendage disorders” The document concludes that sexual and psychiatric side effects from 5-alpha-reductase inhibitors are reported, but more high-quality research is needed to understand how often they occur.
October 2023 in “BMC endocrine disorders” A pineal tumor caused a boy's early puberty, which changed from peripheral to central after treatment.
100 citations
,
July 2004 in “The Journal of Sexual Medicine” Hormones like estrogen, testosterone, progesterone, and prolactin play complex roles in female sexual function, with testosterone potentially improving sexual desire, arousal, and satisfaction. However, more research is needed to establish safe and effective hormone treatments for female sexual dysfunction.
111 citations
,
May 2001 in “Human reproduction update” Insufficient androgen action in male fetuses can cause genital development issues due to genetic mutations or environmental chemicals.
26 citations
,
March 1981 in “Clinical Endocrinology” Oestrogen does not affect adrenal androgen levels in children and adolescents.
12 citations
,
September 2002 in “Journal of Neurochemistry” Pregnancy-related hormone changes affect Y1 receptor gene expression in mice.
12 citations
,
October 1995 in “The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism” Skin changes can indicate hormonal imbalances and help diagnose endocrine disorders.
7 citations
,
February 2019 in “Journal of gynecology obstetrics and human reproduction” People with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) are more likely to have higher levels of depression and anxiety, but their personality traits are similar to those without PCOS.
July 2024 in “Biological and Clinical Sciences Research Journal” Hormonal therapy for transgender individuals carries health risks but is a personal choice.
26 citations
,
January 2013 in “BioMed Research International” Hormonal changes after childbirth and menopause can lead to women's hair loss and facial hair growth, with a need for better treatments.
5 citations
,
April 2022 in “Journal of Obesity” Transgender individuals face more barriers and less autonomy in surgical body modifications compared to cisgender individuals.
8 citations
,
March 2017 in “Journal of Mind and Medical Sciences” Human sexuality involves complex mental processes unique to humans.
30 citations
,
July 2009 in “Experimental and clinical endocrinology & diabetes” Cyproterone acetate effectively treats sexual disorders by reducing sexual functions and is generally well-tolerated.
5 citations
,
April 2016 in “PubMed” Young men with mild hair loss who experience significant social and emotional distress are more likely to have sexual problems.
10 citations
,
November 2000 in “Aesthetic Surgery Journal” Secondary aesthetic surgeries for gender reassignment are generally satisfying and advance overall aesthetic surgery techniques, but psychological support is important.
September 2020 in “Journal of Health, Medicine and Nursing” A 10-year-old boy with abnormal genital development had surgery and tests to find the cause and plan treatment.
35 citations
,
November 2019 in “Frontiers in Neuroendocrinology” Men and women have different levels and production of brain steroids, which may affect their risk for certain brain disorders.
January 2025 in “BMJ Case Reports” Precocious puberty can signal familial adenomatous polyposis.
July 2020 in “Endocrine practice” A 13-year-old boy with Cushing syndrome has high cortisol levels from a pituitary gland issue and underdeveloped sexual characteristics.