December 2005 in “Endocrine-related cancer” A woman's adrenal tumor disappeared after treatment with cyproterone acetate.
20 citations
,
January 2007 in “Fertility and Sterility” A woman developed male traits from accidental contact with her husband's testosterone gel.
4 citations
,
December 2014 in “PubMed” Pre-operative hormone treatment for hypospadias surgery might improve outcomes, but more research is needed to confirm.
26 citations
,
July 2019 in “Fertility and Sterility” Reproductive gynecologists are the main referrers for male infertility evaluations in North America.
July 2022 in “International journal of medical science and clinical invention” Women with irregular periods should be checked for PCOS and treated early to prevent complications, with birth control pills helping to manage symptoms.
33 citations
,
April 2015 in “Cochrane library” Some medicines can reduce excessive hair growth in women, but more research is needed to compare treatments and consider side effects.
9 citations
,
April 2015 in “Dermatologic Therapy” Hormonal therapies, like flutamide and cyproterone acetate, are safe and effective for treating adult women's acne, especially those with hormone imbalance or resistant acne.
3 citations
,
January 2008 in “Endocrine journal” A new mutation linked to partial Androgen Insensitivity Syndrome and prostate cancer was found in a patient unhappy with their female gender assignment.
October 2025 in “Journal of the Endocrine Society” Surgery improved symptoms and normalized hormone levels in a woman with an adrenal tumor.
49 citations
,
November 2019 in “Egyptian Journal of Medical Human Genetics” Certain gene variants may contribute to high androgen levels in women with polycystic ovary syndrome.
1 citations
,
September 2012 in “Expert Review of Endocrinology & Metabolism” Androgen replacement therapy can improve libido and mood in women with severe androgen deficiency, but more research is needed on its long-term safety.
24 citations
,
March 2017 in “Archives of Gynecology and Obstetrics” The study found that women with hyperandrogenic PCOS have higher levels of AKT1 and AKT2 proteins in their cells, which may lead to cell dysfunction.
23 citations
,
March 1998 in “BMJ” Haemochromatosis can cause infertility by affecting hormone glands.
5 citations
,
January 2023 in “Indian Journal of Endocrinology and Metabolism” The statement offers guidance for hormone therapy and surgery to help gender-incongruent adults affirm a male identity.
4 citations
,
January 2006 in “PubMed” DHT deficiency may disrupt rat epididymis function by affecting estrogen receptors.
December 2023 in “Journal of the Endocrine Society” Blocking glucocorticoid receptors improves glucose metabolism in a PCOS mouse model.
1 citations
,
August 2022 in “Case Reports” A rare ovarian tumor caused high testosterone, hair loss, and missed periods, but surgery fixed these issues and led to pregnancy.
6 citations
,
November 1980 in “Clinical Endocrinology” Measuring plasma testosterone glucosiduronate is a reliable way to detect high male hormone levels in women.
28 citations
,
March 2000 in “Obstetrics and gynecology clinics of North America” Hirsutism in teen girls is common, usually harmless, but can sometimes signal serious issues and is treatable.
2 citations
,
November 2020 in “Fertility Research and Practice” The survey helps identify menstrual irregularities and excess male hormones, aiming to detect conditions like Polycystic Ovary Syndrome.
13 citations
,
January 2012 in “International Journal of Trichology” Most hirsutism patients had idiopathic hirsutism or PCOS, with hormonal imbalances and signs like acne and irregular periods.
37 citations
,
January 2009 in “Sexual Development” Fadrozole and Finasteride change frog sex ratios and cause intersex animals with altered gene expressions.
September 2021 in “Dermatologic Surgery” October 2025 in “Journal of Obstetric and Gynaecological Practices POGS”
19 citations
,
September 2004 in “Reviews in gynaecological practice” Effective hirsutism management requires identifying the cause, combining new and traditional treatments, and setting realistic expectations for patients.
2 citations
,
January 2018 in “Sovremennye problemy nauki i obrazovaniâ” Hirsutism and acanthosis nigricans are important for diagnosing PCOS; dermatologists play a key role in early detection and treatment.
11 citations
,
September 2012 in “Journal of obstetrics and gynaecology Canada” Testosterone therapy seems safe for short-term use in postmenopausal women with low sexual desire, but more research on long-term effects is needed.
November 2017 in “JAMA internal medicine” Women also use 5α-reductase inhibitors for hair loss and hirsutism.
3 citations
,
March 2019 in “Post Reproductive Health” Testosterone replacement can help menopausal women with various symptoms, but should be used carefully and is not yet officially licensed in the UK for women.
January 2013 in “Obstetrical & gynecological survey” Most women with hirsutism have normal hormone levels and can be treated with cosmetic methods; obesity and PCOS are common causes, and treatments depend on the underlying issue.