74 citations
,
December 1995 in “The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism” Leuprolide plus estrogen is more effective than oral contraceptives for reducing hirsutism.
143 citations
,
August 1991 in “Endocrinology” Androgens, like testosterone, are crucial for early testicular descent in rats.
9 citations
,
September 2015 in “Reproductive Biomedicine Online” Longer GGN repeats in the androgen receptor gene are linked to polycystic ovary syndrome.
October 2023 in “The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism/Journal of clinical endocrinology & metabolism” Hyperandrogenism increases heart disease risk in premenopausal women, but this risk is linked to obesity in postmenopausal women.
February 2014 in “Revista Argentina de Cardiología” Androgens may increase arrhythmias in Brugada Syndrome, while Finasteride could reduce them.
85 citations
,
June 2008 in “Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences” PCOS starts in adolescence with hormonal issues, leading to adult health problems, and early treatment is crucial.
July 2025 in “Indian Journal of Endocrinology and Metabolism” The guideline emphasizes a multidisciplinary approach and informed consent for gender-affirming hormone treatment, with regular follow-ups and individualized care.
2 citations
,
January 2013 in “Elsevier eBooks” The chapter explains the causes of excessive hair growth and masculinization in women and how to measure hormone levels related to these conditions.
228 citations
,
February 2003 in “Urology” Androgen deprivation therapy for prostate cancer can cause sexual, physical, and psychological side effects, and doctors should manage these carefully.
March 2020 in “UTUPub (University of Turku)” Androgen-driven traits don't predict prostate cancer recurrence.
January 2026 in “JCEM Case Reports” A rare case of Cushing's syndrome and pheochromocytoma requires careful re-evaluation to avoid complications.
January 2022 in “World journal of pharmaceutical sciences” Many women with polycystic ovarian disease show symptoms like excessive hair growth, acne, hair loss, and have high levels of certain hormones.
18 citations
,
October 2022 in “Biomedicines” High AMH levels are linked to PCOS in women and may have a male equivalent with similar traits.
January 2014 in “Side effects of drugs annual” Exposure to certain sex hormones can increase health risks, while some hormone therapies may offer benefits for specific conditions.
46 citations
,
January 2008 in “Climacteric” Testosterone therapy can help improve sexual desire and function in postmenopausal women but may cause side effects and is not FDA-approved for this use.
8 citations
,
August 2015 in “Endocrine”
378 citations
,
November 2011 in “Human reproduction update” Experts recommend using evidence-based methods to diagnose and treat hirsutism, focusing on symptoms and underlying causes.
November 2022 in “Journal of the Endocrine Society” A man's rare adrenal tumor caused feminization and white hair, was removed surgically, and improved after treatment.
March 2023 in “Clinical Toxicology”
1 citations
,
June 2008 in “The Journal of Urology” Dihydrotestosterone gel before hypospadias surgery led to less scarring but raised concerns about potential psychological effects and skin changes.
19 citations
,
August 1999 in “European journal of endocrinology” The study concluded that testing hormone levels after stimulation is not reliable for identifying carriers of 21-hydroxylase deficiency; genetic testing is necessary.
Most excessive hair growth is due to idiopathic hirsutism or PCOS; treatment starts with cosmetic methods and drugs like cyproterone acetate or spironolactone, with results in 6-12 months.
October 2022 in “Springer eBooks” The document concludes that personalized hormonal treatments are important for transgender individuals and more research is needed for non-binary treatments.
28 citations
,
July 2017 in “Journal of Endocrinological Investigation” Early onset baldness in men may indicate a condition similar to PCOS, linked to heart disease, diabetes, and prostate issues.
24 citations
,
September 2001 in “Journal of The American Academy of Dermatology” Women's ovarian hormones and adrenal androgens change throughout life, affecting hair loss and health.
343 citations
,
October 2015 in “Endocrine Practice” The guide recommends specific methods for diagnosing PCOS and various treatments for its symptoms, while considering the health impacts on adolescents.
1 citations
,
November 2007 in “Neuro-chirurgie/Neurochirurgie” Cyproterone acetate is a safe treatment that causes modest feminization in transgender female adolescents, and works better with added estrogens.
53 citations
,
January 1986 in “Endocrinology” Blocking a specific enzyme in male rat fetuses leads to the development of nipples and feminized genitalia.
2 citations
,
January 1975 in “Archives of Dermatological Research” Certain enzymes react strongly with some hormones in rat skin during hair growth, mainly in sebaceous glands and hair sheaths.
67 citations
,
January 1997 in “Lancet” Hirsutism is when women have too much hair growth, often due to a bit more androgen hormones and sensitive skin.