December 2025 in “PubMed” Upadacitinib and oral minoxidil improved Crohn's disease and hair regrowth in a patient.
December 2003 in “British Journal of Urology” March 2026 in “Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology”
January 2024 in “Skin Research and Technology” Oral tofacitinib may be an effective future treatment for children with severe alopecia areata, but more research is needed.
November 2025 in “Clinical Cosmetic and Investigational Dermatology” Tofacitinib is effective and safe for treating severe alopecia areata.
June 2023 in “British journal of dermatology/British journal of dermatology, Supplement” Patients with alopecia areata face challenges accessing Janus kinase inhibitors, but some see positive results.
5-ARI therapy may help prevent prostate cancer progression.
January 2022 in “Dermatology Review” EGFR inhibitors can cause unusual localized hair growth.
July 2022 in “International Journal of Trichology” Tofacitinib helped an 8-year-old child recover from a type of hair loss that is hard to treat.
13 citations
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February 2017 in “Clinical rheumatology” Tofacitinib may help treat nail dystrophy, especially when other treatments fail.
January 2023 in “Cutaneous and Ocular Toxicology” 25 citations
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April 2010 in “Clinical and Experimental Dermatology” Erlotinib can cause hair loss and scalp issues, which improve after stopping the drug.
185 citations
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June 2014 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology” A man with severe hair loss and skin disease regrew his hair with no side effects after taking tofacitinib.
This review highlights the effectiveness of Janus kinase (JAK) inhibitors in treating alopecia areata (AA), an autoimmune condition causing hair loss. JAK inhibitors like baricitinib, ritlecitinib, and deuruxolitinib have shown significant hair regrowth by blocking cytokine signaling pathways. Clinical trials such as BRAVE-AA1/2 and ALLEGRO-2a/2b/3 reported substantial improvements, with baricitinib achieving SALT scores ≤20 in up to 40.9% of patients. Tofacitinib and ruxolitinib, used off-label, also demonstrated promising results. However, AA recurrence is common after stopping treatment. While JAK inhibitors are promising, they require ongoing research to optimize treatment and manage potential adverse events.
222 citations
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September 2016 in “JCI insight” Tofacitinib is safe and effective for severe alopecia areata, but hair loss may return 2 months after stopping treatment.
February 2013 in “Journal of The American Academy of Dermatology” Using hair loss drugs finasteride and dutasteride may cause sexual side effects.
1 citations
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January 2023 in “Cutis” The paper concludes that the new medication baricitinib needs further testing in a more diverse group of patients with alopecia areata.
August 2022 in “Dermatology Online Journal” Oral and topical tofacitinib can effectively treat severe hair loss with minimal side effects.
July 2024 in “Medical alphabet” JAK inhibitors like tofacitinib may effectively treat alopecia in children without major side effects.
1 citations
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January 2023 in “Bioscience Journal” Sorafenib and Platycladus orientalis leaf extract together effectively suppress cervical cancer cell growth.
November 2025 in “Mendeley Data” Standard dosing is more effective for severe alopecia areata in children, but unorthodox dosing can be safe and considered if needed.
March 2025 in “Indian Journal of Dermatology Venereology and Leprology” Tofacitinib is effective for treating alopecia totalis and universalis, with some patients experiencing significant hair regrowth.
3 citations
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August 2024 in “Cureus” Upadacitinib may cause hair loss.
27 citations
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September 2017 in “Archives of Dermatological Research” Topical tofacitinib may grow hair better than minoxidil by increasing VEGF and reducing inflammation.
1 citations
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September 2001 in “PubMed” ONO-3403 effectively reduces mouse skin tumor growth without side effects.
52 citations
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February 2003 in “Archives of dermatology” 9-cis-retinoic acid showed some effectiveness in treating AIDS-related Kaposi sarcoma but had significant side effects at higher doses.
13 citations
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December 2017 in “Archives of Medical Sciences” Rivaroxaban can cause liver injury, allergic reactions, blood vessel inflammation, and hair loss, but these side effects are rare.
December 2025 in “Dermatology The American Medical Journal” JAK inhibitors are effective for long-term management of alopecia areata.
January 2024 in “Dermatologic Therapy” Tofacitinib effectively reduces hair loss in children with alopecia areata but may cause mild side effects and relapses.
3 citations
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March 2023 in “JAAD case reports” Upadacitinib cleared scalp alopecia areata in three patients and also improved atopic dermatitis with minimal side effects.