24 citations
,
October 2016 in “Oncotarget” Finasteride has a higher risk of reproductive side effects than minoxidil.
2 citations
,
January 2014 in “Elsevier eBooks” The document explains how sperm cells are produced, the role of testosterone in this process, and how toxins can reduce sperm count and fertility.
26 citations
,
January 2014 in “ALTEX” Pesticides can cause reproductive and adrenal health issues.
May 2023 in “Endocrine, metabolic & immune disorders” Hibiscus rosa-sinensis is used in traditional medicine and is safe in high doses, with various health benefits.
October 2025 in “Frontiers in Toxicology” A new method effectively predicts estrogen-related health effects for early screening.
Diphenyl cresyl phosphate has low toxicity but can harm the liver, kidneys, adrenal glands, and testicles at high doses.
58 citations
,
March 2013 in “Human Reproduction Update” Products should be called 'sperm-safe' only after thorough, well-designed tests.
46 citations
,
September 2014 in “Steroids” Plant steroid hormones show growth, health, and medicinal benefits in various organisms, including potential for treating diseases.
118 citations
,
May 2003 in “Toxicological Sciences” Exposure to finasteride in the womb caused lasting reproductive issues in male rats.
49 citations
,
March 2018 in “Toxicological sciences” Low doses of mixed chemicals cause permanent reproductive malformations in male rats.
3 citations
,
January 1993 in “Toxicological Sciences” 2-Ethylhexanoic acid harms fertility and delays development in rats.
October 2023 in “Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology” Finasteride is more harmful to male reproductive health than minoxidil.
25 citations
,
July 2013 in “Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry” Spironolactone harms fish reproduction and is more potent in fish than invertebrates, needing environmental monitoring.
3 citations
,
March 2017 in “Regulatory toxicology and pharmacology” Aleglitazar and its major metabolite are safe enough to proceed to Phase 3 clinical trials.
23 citations
,
January 2001 in “International journal of toxicology” St. John's Wort extract and oil safety in cosmetics is unclear; more data needed on photosensitization, toxicity, and human irritation.
September 2025 in “Toxicology” Long-term use of finasteride and minoxidil may harm male reproductive health in mice.
September 2023 in “Food and chemical toxicology” High doses of some selenium supplements caused liver and reproductive harm in rats.
33 citations
,
January 2017 in “Conservation physiology” Measuring reproductive hormones in brown bear hair could help identify their sex and reproductive state, but better collection methods or lab techniques are needed.
4 citations
,
December 2022 in “Frontiers in cell and developmental biology” Zebrafish larvae are used to study and find treatments for ear cell damage because they are easier to observe and test than mammals.
Finasteride causes reproductive malformations in male rats.
165 citations
,
September 2003 in “Toxicology and applied pharmacology” Blocking COX, especially COX-2, in the skin can reduce inflammation and pain and may help prevent skin cancer.
43 citations
,
January 1977 in “Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology” Minoxidil is mostly safe, but high doses can cause electrolyte imbalances and heart issues in dogs.
27 citations
,
March 2022 in “Forensic Toxicology” Micro-segmental hair analysis helps detect drug use patterns and estimate drug consumption days.
40 citations
,
September 2019 in “Molecular and Cellular Endocrinology” Group a wide range of chemicals, not just phthalates, for assessing risks to male reproductive health.
October 2025 in “Archives of Clinical Toxicology” Cetirizine is effective and safe for treating various allergies, with personalized dosing improving its use.
7 citations
,
April 2015 in “General and Comparative Endocrinology” Finasteride negatively affects fish reproduction and gonadal development.
September 2012 in “The Egyptian Journal of Histology” Flutamide caused damage to male rat reproductive organs and may affect fertility.
22 citations
,
November 2016 in “Indian Journal of Pharmaceutical Education and Research” Hibiscus rosa-sinensis leaf extract is safe, has strong antioxidants, and effectively heals wounds.
4 citations
,
October 2022 in “Evidence-based complementary and alternative medicine” Ficus carica extract improved fertility in rats and may help with certain health conditions.
5 citations
,
December 2015 in “Asian pacific Journal of Tropical Biomedicine” Phthirusa pyrifolia extract may lower testosterone and harm male rat reproduction without damaging the liver or kidneys.