January 2026 in “International Journal of Innovative Technologies in Social Science” Isotretinoin effectively treats severe acne but can cause various side effects, with the most serious being birth defects, requiring careful monitoring and contraception.
Retinoids or their analogs could treat skin pigmentation disorders like melasma and vitiligo.
Retinoids can help treat skin pigmentation disorders by affecting melanin production.
August 2015 in “Han'gug dongmul jawon gwahag hoeji/Han-guk dongmul jawon gwahak hoeji/Journal of animal science and technology” TRα and CRABPII genes change their activity levels during goat fetal skin development.
April 2008 in “Expert review of dermatology” Mutations in the P2RY5 gene cause hereditary woolly hair.
37 citations
,
June 1996 in “Journal of cellular physiology” Retinoic acid, glucocorticoids, and IGF1 increase IGFBP-3 production in human dermal papilla cells, affecting hair growth.
64 citations
,
March 2004 in “The journal of investigative dermatology/Journal of investigative dermatology” GPRC5D is linked to the formation of hair, nails, and certain tongue areas.
14 citations
,
October 2018 in “Brain Research Bulletin” Exosomes help nerve fibers grow by affecting specific cell signaling pathways.
65 citations
,
February 2009 in “The journal of investigative dermatology/Journal of investigative dermatology” Anti-acne medications may work by reducing the activity of a protein involved in acne development.
17 citations
,
October 2023 in “Molecules” Plant-derived PDRN from ginseng roots effectively heals skin and improves its barrier.
February 2026 in “Advanced Science” TTNPB helps turn stem cells into neural stem cells, improving depression-like behaviors in rats.
April 2019 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology” Non-coding RNA boosts retinoic acid production and signaling, aiding regeneration.
November 2020 in “bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory)” Ezh2 controls skin development by balancing signals for dermal and epidermal growth.
59 citations
,
January 2015 in “Nanoscale” The new micelle formulation delivers acne treatment more effectively and safely than current gels.
51 citations
,
March 2014 in “Nature Communications” Skin tumor regression is helped by retinoic acid signaling blocking Wnt signaling.
9 citations
,
January 2018 in “Acta dermato-venereologica” A substance called poly(I:C) increases a protein called carbonic anhydrase II in skin cells, which might help with skin defense and healing.
84 citations
,
September 2008 in “Developmental biology” Retinoic acid-binding proteins in skin are regulated by β-catenin and Notch signalling.
April 2024 in “JEADV. Journal of the European Academy of Dermatology and Venereology/Journal of the European Academy of Dermatology and Venereology” Retinoic acid helps activate hair growth in people with common hair loss by working on a specific cell growth pathway.
41 citations
,
October 2019 in “Biomolecules” Retinoic acid can either maintain stem cells or make them specialize, depending on the cell type.
February 2022 in “DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)” Retinoic acid reduces cell damage from oxidative stress.
31 citations
,
September 2012 in “Journal of biological chemistry/The Journal of biological chemistry” The right amount of retinoic acid is essential for normal hair growth and development.
5 citations
,
August 2021 in “Journal of biological chemistry/The Journal of biological chemistry” Retinoic acid affects male and female muscle energy use and function differently.
7 citations
,
May 2010 in “Drug Delivery” Retinoic acid and DMSO improve gene delivery to mouse skin for potential hair and skin disease treatment.
52 citations
,
February 2003 in “Archives of dermatology” 9-cis-retinoic acid showed some effectiveness in treating AIDS-related Kaposi sarcoma but had significant side effects at higher doses.
4 citations
,
April 2018 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology” Hydroxypinacolone retinoate is a potent anti-aging ingredient for skin that is more effective and less irritating than other forms of retinoids.
January 2023 in “Journal of cosmetic dermatology” The synthetic retinoid EC23 thickens skin and promotes hair growth more effectively and with a lower dose than natural retinoids.
January 2019 in “Social Science Research Network” Hair follicle stem cells prevent melanocyte stem cells from differentiating by controlling retinoic acid levels.
91 citations
,
November 2008 in “Journal of biological chemistry/The Journal of biological chemistry” DGAT1 enzyme is crucial for healthy skin and hair by regulating retinoid levels.
April 2016 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology” Double-stranded RNA activates a pathway that causes a skin protein to be expressed in the wrong place.
44 citations
,
July 2011 in “Dermato-endocrinology” Thyroid hormone affects skin health, with too little causing rough, pale skin and too much leading to smooth, thin skin, and may also impact wound healing and skin conditions.