25 citations
,
March 2004 in “Regulatory Toxicology and Pharmacology” Using testosterone-stimulated weanling rats can effectively replace castrated rats for anti-androgen testing, reducing animal stress.
72 citations
,
October 1998 in “Baillière's clinical endocrinology and metabolism” Long-term testosterone therapy can cause hormone suppression, affect prostate and heart health, and alter physical characteristics, but does not increase prostate cancer risk and needs more research for full risk assessment.
10 citations
,
April 2006 in “Seminars in Reproductive Medicine” Testosterone therapy may improve mood, well-being, and sexual function in premenopausal women, but more research is needed on its long-term safety and effectiveness.
October 2010 in “Journal of Men's Health” Larger prostate size in older men may be linked to poorer semen quality and fertility issues.
29 citations
,
October 2020 in “eLife” Higher testosterone levels can increase the risk of certain diseases like type 2 diabetes in women and prostate cancer in men, but can also protect against autoimmune diseases and hair loss. It also affects body fat and bone density.
18 citations
,
May 2014 in “Menopause” A 5 mg dose of transdermal testosterone cream effectively restores testosterone levels in postmenopausal women.
10 citations
,
January 2019 in “Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology” Testosterone increases hair growth and acne in transgender men.
7 citations
,
April 2012 in “Clinical investigation” Transdermal testosterone can improve sexual desire in postmenopausal women but lacks long-term safety data and is not FDA-approved for this use.
7 citations
,
October 2017 in “The Prostate” Baldness in men with prostate cancer is linked to higher levels of certain sex hormones, but chest hair density is not.
39 citations
,
May 2002 in “Oral Microbiology and Immunology” Testosterone increases cell growth and reduces IL-6 in gum cells.
September 2006 in “Data Archiving and Networked Services (DANS)” Understanding testosterone and estradiol levels is crucial for identifying normal and abnormal hormone levels in men, especially as they age.
1 citations
,
September 2023 in “AACE clinical case reports” Testosterone pellets might work for transgender men's hormone therapy, but more research is needed.
2 citations
,
December 2017 in “Theriogenology” Testosterone increases acidification in the vas deferens by up-regulating V-ATPase.
9 citations
,
November 2022 in “International Journal of Molecular Sciences” The new LC-MS/MS method is more accurate and reliable than traditional immunoassays for measuring steroids in serum.
July 2022 in “International Journal of Health Sciences” Cardiac risk markers help assess heart risk in males with type 2 diabetes and low DHT.
57 citations
,
August 1995 in “British Journal of Dermatology” Acne severity is linked to higher levels of certain androgenic hormones, even when those levels are within the normal range.
1 citations
,
November 2025 in “Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine (CCLM)” A new method accurately measures DHEAS in blood, improving on current tests.
37 citations
,
February 2010 in “Psychoneuroendocrinology” Androgen self-administration might be controlled by membrane receptors, not nuclear ones.
January 2003 in “Journal für Kardiologie (Krause & Pachernegg GmbH)” Testosterone therapy can improve skin and hair in men with low testosterone but may cause skin irritation with certain treatments.
176 citations
,
August 2000 in “The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism/Journal of clinical endocrinology & metabolism” Hormone treatments in transsexual individuals reduce hair growth and oil production in male-to-females and increase them in female-to-males.
November 1986 in “PubMed” Women with androgenetic alopecia have lower SHBG levels.
November 2025 in “Open Access CRIS of the University of Bern” Androgen levels are more linked to body size in boys than girls.
Higher sulfotransferase enzyme levels predict better response to minoxidil for hair growth.
19 citations
,
October 2019 in “BMC Neuroscience” Blood hormone levels don't accurately show brain hormone levels in males.
October 2022 in “Endocrine journal” Testosterone and dihydrotestosterone treatments can help with penile growth in males with 5α-reductase type 2 deficiency, with dihydrotestosterone being more effective in infancy.
4 citations
,
August 2019 Higher free testosterone levels can increase bone density and decrease body fat but may raise the risk of prostate cancer, hair loss, and benign prostate enlargement.
3 citations
,
March 2019 in “Post Reproductive Health” Testosterone replacement can help menopausal women with various symptoms, but should be used carefully and is not yet officially licensed in the UK for women.
162 citations
,
April 2016 in “The Lancet Diabetes & Endocrinology” Testosterone therapy in transgender men has both desired effects like increased muscle mass and potential health risks such as higher cardiovascular risk.
6 citations
,
February 2022 in “European journal of endocrinology” The method can measure multiple hormones in women's hair and may help identify hormone-related health issues.
17 citations
,
February 2014 in “Pediatric Research”