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January 2019 in “Journal of Pharmacy And Bioallied Sciences” The study identified the major component of the water fraction from katuk (Sauropus androgynous) leaves as an alkaloid compound with the molecular formula C21H39N6O2 and a molecular mass of 406.3131 m/z, named (S, S)-5, 5′-amino-4,4′-dihexyl-propyldihydropyrazol-3, 3′-one. This compound was not previously reported in S. androgynous. The research utilized liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry (LC-MS) and other analytical techniques to achieve this identification. The study highlighted the potential of katuk leaves in alternative treatments, particularly for hair growth, due to the presence of various phytochemicals such as alkaloids, flavonoids, tannins, and saponins. There were no conflicts of interest or financial support for this study.
Different amounts of propylene glycol change the thickness of katuk leaf hair tonic.
November 2017 in “Asian journal of pharmaceutical and clinical research” Three compounds from Dadap leaves may help treat hair loss.
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February 1998 in “The American Journal of Medicine” Herbal remedies can cause adverse effects and need more safety research.
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October 2018 in “International research journal of pharmacy” Rampai leaves extract can significantly stimulate hair growth.
January 2026 in “International Journal of Health Engineering and Technology” Green spinach leaf extract at 15% concentration promotes hair growth in rabbits.
October 2025 in “INSOLOGI Jurnal Sains dan Teknologi” Pacing leaf extracts can promote hair growth in rabbits, but minoxidil works better.
Ladakh hotsprings contain compounds with potential medicinal benefits for various health conditions.
April 2024 in “Jurnal Agroindustri Halal/Jurnal agroindustri halal” The hair tonic with the highest seaweed extract content showed the best hair growth results.
September 2023 in “Jurnal MIPA (edisi elektronik)” Lime extract can be used to make a stable hair tonic with beneficial compounds.
June 2023 in “MPI (Media Pharmaceutica Indonesiana)” A hair tonic made from kale leaves is effective for hair growth and meets Indonesian standards.
May 2020 in “Jurnal Penelitian Perawat Profesional” Katuk leaves may help prevent hair loss.
June 2025 in “Pharmacon Jurnal Farmasi Indonesia” Mangkokan leaves may help hair growth and health.
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April 2021 in “Journal of advanced pharmaceutical technology & research” The compound 16 from the Merremia peltata plant could potentially be a good treatment for hair loss (alopecia) due to its strong activity and favorable skin absorption.
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July 2014 in “Respirology Case Reports” A woman with Castleman's disease died from respiratory failure due to bronchiolitis obliterans.
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May 2019 in “International Journal of Applied Pharmaceutics” Both hair tonic and gel with Angiopteris evecta extract effectively stimulate hair growth.
May 2024 in “Academia Open” High doses of white turi flower extract increase sodium and potassium levels in rat kidneys.
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April 2021 in “Majalah Farmasetika” Licorice extract shampoo with surfactants is the best for hair growth.
July 2023 in “Biodiversitas” Sundanese mothers in a rural village in West Java use plants for maternal care.
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July 2018 in “General and comparative endocrinology” Thyroid hormones and androgens affect gene expression in frog reproductive organs differently between males and females.
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July 2003 in “The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism” Five new mutations in the androgen receptor gene were found, helping to understand androgen insensitivity syndrome better.
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January 1989 in “Archives of Dermatological Research” The side gland of Suncus murinus is a good model for studying human sebaceous glands.
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August 2024 in “Skin Appendage Disorders” Alopecia areata can look like male or female pattern hair loss, needing a new subtype for better diagnosis and treatment.
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March 2000 in “CRC Press eBooks” 
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March 2005 in “Journal of The American Academy of Dermatology” January 2000 in “Hair and its disorders: biology, pathology and management, 2000, ISBN 1853177997, págs. 137-152” April 2019 in “Journal of the Endocrine Society” A 12-year-old boy with PAIS successfully developed male characteristics using high-dose testosterone and anastrozole.
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May 2017 in “Symmetry” Higher androgen levels are linked to less asymmetry in !Kung San males.
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August 2015 in “AACE Clinical Case Reports” A new gene mutation causes complete androgen insensitivity in a 16-year-old with a female appearance.