52 citations
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January 2016 in “Sexual Development” Both genetic and hormonal factors are crucial for bird sex differentiation, and disturbances can cause sex reversal.
4 citations
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January 2011 in “Dermatopathology”
16 citations
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January 2003 in “Nuclear Receptor Signaling” Androgens and SARMs play a role in body mass, frailty, skin health, and hair growth, and are used in treating prostate cancer, acne, and hair loss, with potential for new uses and improved versions in the future.
August 2025 in “International Journal of Molecular Sciences” Broccoli sprout extract may help regrow hair by improving hormone metabolism.
1 citations
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October 2024 in “JCEM Case Reports” 5α-reductase deficiency can cause ambiguous genitalia and gender dysphoria, treatable with testosterone.
2 citations
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February 2024 in “bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory)” Androgens like testosterone make Staphylococcus aureus skin infections more common in men.
18 citations
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January 2001 in “Annual Reports in Medicinal Chemistry” Selective Androgen Receptor Modulators (SARMs) are drugs that can control the effects of androgens in different tissues, potentially having fewer side effects and promising for treating various conditions.
54 citations
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April 2010 in “Baillière's best practice and research in clinical endocrinology and metabolism/Baillière's best practice & research. Clinical endocrinology & metabolism” Impaired androgen production in 46,XY DSDs causes ambiguous genitalia and requires long-term care.
37 citations
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June 2011 in “Journal of Cellular Biochemistry” Androgen is important in controlling stem cell differentiation, reducing fat development, and increasing lean mass.
June 2026 in “The Journal of Sexual Medicine” Rare seminoma found in a 33-year-old woman with atypical genitalia and no Y chromosome.
4 citations
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December 2017 in “Journal of zoo and wildlife medicine” Hormonal changes during the reproductive cycle may cause seasonal skin problems in captive female fossas.
April 2019 in “Journal of the Endocrine Society” A 31-year-old woman was diagnosed with Complete Androgen Insensitivity Syndrome much later than usual, leading to a call for earlier detection and treatment guidelines.
14 citations
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June 2022 in “Neuroscience” October 1984 in “Kidney international” The patient had complex urinary tract issues and ambiguous genitalia, with physical features suggesting a hormonal imbalance.
Pangolin scales evolved for protection, hardening with age, due to keratin gene diversification.
27 citations
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July 2013 in “Journal of Dermatological Science” The conclusion is that androgenetic alopecia and senescent alopecia have unique gene changes, suggesting different causes and potential treatments for these hair loss types.
129 citations
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January 2004 in “Journal of medicinal chemistry” Researchers developed new compounds that target the androgen receptor effectively with fewer side effects.
37 citations
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November 2002 in “Biology of Reproduction” Prenatal antiandrogen treatment altered hormone levels in adult spotted hyenas, affecting males and females differently.
19 citations
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July 2019 in “Journal of Endocrinology” GTx-024 and Danazol affect the uterus like DHT, while GTx-007 has little impact.
138 citations
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November 1974 in “Biological reviews/Biological reviews of the Cambridge Philosophical Society” Males and females differ in lifespan, growth, organ size, metabolism, and brain structure, with females generally living longer and maturing earlier.
110 citations
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January 1984 in “Progress in brain research” Gonadal hormones may influence sex differences in play fighting in animals, but their effect on human spatial behavior is unclear and needs more research.
89 citations
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August 2013 in “PloS one” Androgen receptors are active in many tissues of both male and female mice, not just reproductive organs.
38 citations
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October 2005 in “Expert opinion on therapeutic patents” Selective androgen receptor modulators (SARMs) are a promising type of drug for various health conditions due to their targeted actions.
October 2024 in “Archives of Dermatological Research” Male and female pattern hair loss have different molecular pathways, suggesting unique treatment targets for each sex.
January 2026 in “Elsevier eBooks” March 1997 in “The Lancet” Hirsutism is abnormal male-pattern hair growth in females due to excess androgens.
8 citations
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October 1988 in “Clinics in dermatology” The best animal model for studying male-pattern baldness is the stumptailed macaque, not rats or mice.
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January 2007 in “Dermatology” Sex-determining genes may affect male baldness.
The white wax scale insect's genome shows that complete metamorphosis evolved earlier than thought and highlights differences in male and female development.