6 citations
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May 1997 in “Journal of Dermatological Science” Researchers found a gene in hamsters that responds to male hormones and may be indirectly controlled by them.
22 citations
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October 2011 in “Bone” Androgens affect bone and fat cell development differently based on the cells' embryonic origin.
31 citations
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April 2015 in “Journal of steroid biochemistry and molecular biology/The Journal of steroid biochemistry and molecular biology” Androgens cause oil-producing skin cells with androgen receptors to mature and produce more oil.
January 2018 in “Elsevier eBooks” 5α-reductase-2 deficiency causes ambiguous genitalia at birth and affects male sexual development, but individuals often develop male characteristics at puberty.
72 citations
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December 2018 in “Journal of Experimental Zoology Part B Molecular and Developmental Evolution” Corneous beta-proteins evolved uniquely in reptiles and birds, forming scales, claws, beaks, and feathers.
October 2025 in “Nature Reviews Disease Primers” October 2025 in “Nature Reviews Disease Primers”
70 citations
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April 2014 in “Annales d'endocrinologie” New genes and pathways are important for testosterone production and male sexual development.
December 2010 in “TSpace” Activating androgen receptors in muscle can increase muscle mass and reduce fat.
158 citations
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January 2009 in “The International Journal of Developmental Biology” Reptile scales help us understand the evolution of skin features like hair and feathers.
January 1983 in “Elsevier eBooks” Masculinization in affected individuals occurs gradually after puberty due to hormone changes.
21 citations
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December 1977 in “Journal of pediatric surgery” Individuals with male pseudohermaphroditism often do better raised as females with early surgery.
24 citations
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January 2011 in “Sexual Development” Intersex frogs have different brain gene activity related to sex and thyroid hormones.
1 citations
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August 2024 in “Journal of Morphology” Mammary glands evolved from hair organs in Monodelphis domestica.
January 2025 in “Case Reports in Genetics” A rare gene variant causes sexual development issues in siblings, needing personalized treatment.
March 2010 in “The Journal of Urology” Hair loss, prostate size, and urinary issues are related due to androgen effects.
6 citations
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August 2001 in “PubMed” The stump-tailed macaque is a good model for studying human hair loss, but it's expensive and hard to find, while rodent models are promising for understanding hair growth and finding new treatments.
August 2024 in “Steroids” The androgen receptor's shape-changing ability helps it function but can lead to cancer treatment resistance.
January 2023 in “Health Sciences” Androgens may worsen COVID-19 severity in men.
9 citations
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February 2020 in “International Journal of Endocrinology” Some men with early hair loss may have a male version of PCOS, affecting hormones and increasing health risks.
April 2022 in “Brazilian Medical Students” People with androgenetic alopecia may have a higher risk of severe COVID-19.
17 citations
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April 2009 in “Andrologia” A boy's early puberty caused by a testicular tumor returned to normal after surgery.
January 1996 in “Springer eBooks”
January 2022 in “European journal of anatomy” A man had four testicles, two of which were outside the scrotum and looked like fatty lumps.
April 2019 in “Journal of the Endocrine Society” Mosaic Klinefelter syndrome can affect male fertility and may be missed in routine tests.
3 citations
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October 2024 in “The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism” Potential androgen excess signs vary by demographics and health, needing inclusive evaluation.
1 citations
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April 2022 in “AACE clinical case reports” A 36-year-old person with a female appearance but male chromosomes was diagnosed with a rare enzyme deficiency affecting sexual development.
41 citations
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March 2016 in “The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism” In STSD patients, the body compensates for low androgen levels by increasing another enzyme's activity.
8 citations
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October 2006 in “Journal of Experimental and Clinical Anatomy”