July 2023 in “Research Square (Research Square)” Skin's uneven surface and hair follicles affect its stress and strain but don't change its overall strength, and help prevent the skin from peeling apart.
60 citations
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August 1969 in “British Journal of Dermatology” Germicides mostly stay on the skin's surface, but some penetrate deeper depending on the product used.
56 citations
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July 2004 in “Mechanisms of Development” Pax9 is crucial for proper tongue surface development and preventing skin-like changes.
1 citations
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August 1992 in “Proceedings annual meeting Electron Microscopy Society of America” Mammoth hair from different ages shows distinct surface textures and elemental compositions.
November 2004 in “Qucosa (Saxon State and University Library Dresden)” Active agents mainly stay on the hair surface after short washes.
8 citations
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August 2016 in “Annales de Dermatologie et de Vénéréologie” A woman with anorexia improved significantly after being treated for scurvy with vitamin C, despite not showing typical scurvy symptoms.
5 citations
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January 1964 in “Naunyn-Schmiedeberg s Archives of Pharmacology” Iodine is absorbed by hair just below the skin surface.
4 citations
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August 2005 in “Clinical Infectious Diseases” The man's symptoms improved after treating his scurvy with high-dose vitamin C.
3 citations
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April 2011 in “Microscopy research and technique” Teratoma hair is similar to scalp hair but has a rougher surface and lower adhesive force.
3 citations
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July 2003 in “PubMed” The research found a way to measure hair surface changes by analyzing how light reflects off of it, and determined hair cuticle angles vary by hair length and color.
April 2023 in “CRC Press eBooks” Hair care products mainly work on the hair's surface and need professional guidance for use.
6 citations
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January 2005 in “Han-guk hyeonmigyeong hakoeji/Applied microscopy” The 16th-century mummy's hair was well-preserved due to a calcium surface coat.
4 citations
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March 2024 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology” SPRY1 deficiency in skin cells causes stem cells to move to the skin surface, leading to increased pigmentation.
January 2022 in “OPAL (Open@LaTrobe) (La Trobe University)” Nanoparticles in sunscreen are generally safe as they stay on the skin's surface.
2 citations
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November 2025 in “Pharmaceutics” Moderately lipophilic dyes penetrate skin deeply, while highly hydrophobic or lipophilic dyes stay on the surface.
1 citations
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July 2025 in “JCI Insight” Hair follicle stem cells help maintain skin health by moving to and supporting the skin's surface layers.
1 citations
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January 2022 in “Clinical dermatology review” A young man's cheek papule was identified as a benign hair follicle tumor using a skin surface microscope.
January 2025 in “Pediatrics in Review” The boy's symptoms improved with vitamin C treatment, highlighting the need to consider scurvy in kids with unusual diets.
1 citations
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November 2025 in “American Journal of Medical Science and Technology” The herbal shampoo cleans well and is safer and better than synthetic ones.
research Coda
November 2018 in “Princeton University Press eBooks” Vitamin C deficiency harms both the body and brain, affecting behavior.
25 citations
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August 2020 in “Experimental eye research/Experimental Eye Research” Different types of cells in the eye express specific keratins at various stages of development.
January 2006 in “Chinese Journal of Dermatology” Amelanotic melanocytes from hair follicles are immature and likely don't transfer melanosomes to keratinocytes.
95 citations
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January 2009 in “Journal of Biomedical Optics” Nanoparticles penetrate hair follicles better when their size matches the cuticula thickness.
66 citations
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May 2021 in “Science Advances” Different scaffold patterns improve wound healing and immune response in mouse skin, with aligned patterns being particularly effective.
January 2000 in “Zhongguo yixue wulixue zazhi” Different human hair keratin types have unique structures that affect how they dissolve and can be used to create self-tendons.
30 citations
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January 2014 in “Journal of Controlled Release” This method is effective for needle-free HIV-1 vaccination by activating immune responses in the skin.
23 citations
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June 2015 in “Experimental Dermatology” Pericytes can both help and hinder wound healing, needing more research for effective use in treatments.
September 2023 in “Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology” Including special area involvement helps identify more psoriasis patients who may need systemic treatment.
January 2003 in “Linchuang pifuke zazhi” Melanin granules can be expelled by exocytosis.
33 citations
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September 2018 in “Frontiers in Microbiology” Human hair shafts inhibit Gram-positive bacteria growth but not Gram-negative bacteria.