January 2023 in “The Annals of african surgery” Hormone treatment before hypospadias surgery can increase penis size and reduce surgery complications.
June 2022 in “Journal of Experimental Biology and Agricultural Sciences” Higher testosterone harms sperm motility, while higher estradiol improves sperm survival.
May 2022 in “bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory)” The enzyme 5α-reductase is important for proper blood vessel development during the fertility-related transformation of the uterus lining.
December 2020 in “Current Sexual Health Reports” Finasteride can have lasting negative effects on brain function and behavior by disrupting neurosteroid production.
November 2018 in “Springer eBooks” Finasteride and minoxidil are effective, low-risk treatments for male hair loss, and patient education on these therapies is important.
August 2016 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology” DHT reduces a cell's ability to promote hair growth, while 3D culture without DHT improves it.
February 2012 in “Expert Review of Endocrinology & Metabolism” The document suggests more research is needed to understand the link between baldness and prostate cancer.
January 2008 in “Annals of Nutrition and Metabolism” Parthenolide promotes hair growth in mice and may influence pathways related to male pattern baldness.
December 2024 in “Journal of Population Therapeutics and Clinical Pharmacology” Rosemary and kalonji seeds can improve hair health and treat hair conditions.
April 2008 in “Blackwell Publishing Ltd eBooks” AGA causes permanent hair loss; minoxidil helps men, finasteride helps men, minoxidil somewhat helps women, estrogens/antiandrogens lack evidence for women.
Changes in skin bacteria can affect hair loss and new treatments targeting these bacteria may prevent balding without sexual side effects.
5 citations
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December 1979 in “Clinical and Experimental Dermatology” Anti-androgens are effective for female acne but less so for male-pattern hair loss, with side effects similar to birth control pills.
1 citations
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May 2021 in “Revista Eletrônica Acervo Científico” The document concludes that more research is needed on treatments for hair loss in both men and women, especially on medication combinations and their benefits.
1 citations
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August 2002 in “Zeitschrift für Hautkrankheiten” Male androgenetic alopecia involves hair follicle miniaturization due to DHT, with potential treatments using inhibitors and blockers.
February 2026 in “Editora Pasteur eBooks” A comprehensive, personalized approach is needed for treating female pattern hair loss and obesity, involving multiple medical disciplines and lifestyle changes.
November 2025 in “Open Repository of the University of Porto (University of Porto)” Continuous use of finasteride and minoxidil is effective for treating androgenetic alopecia.
16 citations
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June 2008 in “Springer eBooks” Over 50% of women over 50 experience hair loss, with minoxidil being the only proven effective treatment.
49 citations
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April 2012 in “Phytotherapy Research” Rosemary leaf extract may be an effective natural treatment for hair growth and male pattern baldness.
41 citations
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March 1998 in “Archives of Dermatological Research” The enzyme that changes testosterone to a stronger form is mostly found in the part of the hair follicle called the dermal papilla.
19 citations
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March 1998 in “Endocrinology” Male rats have more somatostatin neurons than females due to testosterone converting to estrogen during early development.
18 citations
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September 2018 in “Experimental physiology” Electro-acupuncture may help treat PCOS in rats by changing brain DNA methylation.
18 citations
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March 2002 in “The journal of investigative dermatology/Journal of investigative dermatology” Estrogen increases blood vessel growth factor production, while testosterone blocks this increase.
17 citations
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April 2021 in “Molecules/Molecules online/Molecules annual” Linoleic acid from Malva verticillata seeds may help treat hair loss by promoting hair cell growth and blocking baldness signals.
13 citations
,
July 2018 in “General and comparative endocrinology” Thyroid hormones and androgens affect gene expression in frog reproductive organs differently between males and females.
11 citations
,
September 2020 in “OncoTargets and Therapy” Dihydrotestosterone increases growth and spread of human brain cancer cells, and blocking its formation might help treat this cancer.
8 citations
,
March 2020 in “Frontiers in Cell and Developmental Biology” Researchers created immortal human skin cells with constant testosterone receptor activity to study hair loss and test treatments.
5 citations
,
January 2012 in “Biological & Pharmaceutical Bulletin” Hura crepitans and its compound daphne factor F3 may help treat hair loss by blocking a specific hair growth inhibitor.
5 citations
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July 2000 in “Southern Medical Journal” Male pattern baldness is often genetic and linked to a hormone, with treatments like finasteride and minoxidil being effective for some men.
4 citations
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October 2022 in “Evidence-based complementary and alternative medicine” Ficus carica extract improved fertility in rats and may help with certain health conditions.
4 citations
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September 2020 in “Frontiers in Microbiology” Algal oligosaccharides help prevent hair loss and promote hair growth.