September 2025 in “Biology of Sex Differences” Females have a higher lifetime risk of alopecia areata than males.
19 citations
,
November 2021 in “Reviews in endocrine and metabolic disorders” Sex hormones like estrogen and testosterone may affect COVID-19 severity differently in men and women, potentially influencing prevention and treatment strategies.
1 citations
,
October 2025 in “Biology of Sex Differences” Gender and social factors, not just biology, affect COVID-19 death rates.
8 citations
,
November 2023 in “Social Science & Medicine” Gendered social factors, not just biology, contribute to sex differences in adverse drug events.
January 2024 in “Hypertension research” More research is needed to understand sex and racial differences in long COVID.
January 2025 in “ARC Journal of Dermatology” Black patients are underrepresented in alopecia research, highlighting the need for more inclusive studies.
185 citations
,
August 2020 in “Mayo Clinic Proceedings” Men are more likely to have severe COVID-19 cases and fatalities than women due to factors like lifestyle, aging, and biological differences.
42 citations
,
June 2020 in “Seminars in Oncology” Sex hormones may affect COVID-19 severity, with men often faring worse, and targeting related pathways could offer treatment options.
22 citations
,
January 2021 in “Clinical Therapeutics” Men face more severe COVID-19 outcomes, while women are more likely to have long-term symptoms.
8 citations
,
April 2022 in “Trends in cancer” Hormone therapy affects cancer risks in transgender individuals differently than in cisgender people, and more research is needed to understand these risks and improve cancer screening guidelines.
December 2023 in “International journal of molecular sciences” Chromosomal differences affect how muscle cells respond to testosterone.
4 citations
,
January 2021 in “The Southwest Respiratory and Critical Care Chronicles” Men and minority groups face higher risks and severe outcomes from SARS-CoV, MERS-CoV, and COVID-19.
Accurate gender and sex assessment in dermatology is essential for respectful and precise patient care.
52 citations
,
March 2022 in “Biology of Sex Differences” Females have stronger immune responses to COVID-19 than males, leading to better outcomes.
June 2023 in “JMIR dermatology” The conclusion is that recognizing the difference between gender identity and biological sex is crucial in dermatology to improve patient care and research accuracy.
5 citations
,
August 2018 in “Ocular immunology and inflammation” Methotrexate side effects vary by race and sex.
January 2025 in “Scholarly Commons (University of Pennsylvania)” UTX is important for skin health and its loss can lead to skin issues, especially in females.
34 citations
,
April 2023 in “Climacteric” Gender-affirming hormone therapy affects health risks and requires careful management, especially as transgender individuals age.
2 citations
,
September 2024 in “Animal Cells and Systems” Hepatitis B virus alters steroid hormones in male mice, reducing dihydrotestosterone to inhibit viral replication.
47 citations
,
February 2019 in “Journal of The American Academy of Dermatology” LGBT individuals have unique skin health needs, including higher STD risks and side effects from gender-affirming treatments, requiring dermatologists to offer knowledgeable and culturally competent care.
10 citations
,
January 2017 in “The World Allergy Organization journal” Gender differences affect allergy prevalence, severity, and response to environmental toxins, with women often more affected than men.
January 2025 in “The Pediatric Infectious Disease Journal” Syphilis can cause unusual symptoms like hair loss and joint pain, but treatment is effective.
September 2023 in “Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology” Hispanic patients in the USA have lower survival rates for melanoma compared to non-Hispanic Whites.
March 2022 in “Women's health issues” The conclusion is that women are heavily affected by autoimmune skin diseases, face significant challenges, and need better research, treatments, and healthcare policies.
121 citations
,
November 2020 in “Endocrine” Male hormones like testosterone may make COVID-19 worse, and testing for sensitivity to these hormones could help predict how severe a patient's symptoms might be. Treatments that reduce these hormones are being explored.
9 citations
,
September 2020 in “Journal of Drugs in Dermatology” Men had worse COVID-19 outcomes than women in New York City.
125 citations
,
August 2020 in “Frontiers in Immunology” Men generally have more severe COVID-19 cases and higher death rates than women due to biological differences.
113 citations
,
July 2020 in “Communications biology” Men, especially older ones with health issues like prostate cancer, may have worse COVID-19 outcomes and could benefit from therapies targeting male hormones.
87 citations
,
March 2011 in “Australasian Journal of Dermatology” Genetics and hormones play a role in male and female hair loss, but more research is needed to fully understand it.
February 2026 in “Diabetes Metabolic Syndrome and Obesity” Higher basal metabolic rate increases the risk of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, especially in Chinese people, and may require tailored management.