10 citations
,
May 2009 in “Sexual and Relationship Therapy” The document concludes that hormone therapy is essential for treating gender dysphoria, with specific drugs and monitoring protocols recommended for safety and effectiveness.
Testosterone's health effects are complex and not definitively understood.
4 citations
,
June 2017 in “Endocrine Reviews” Dihydrotestosterone (DHT) mainly affects nearby cells, doesn't significantly change prostate hormonal environment or cancer risk, and doesn't play a main role in causing hair loss or acne. More research is needed on its effects on heart health, sexual function, and bone health.
4 citations
,
November 2024 in “International Journal of Dermatology” Testosterone use for muscle growth can cause hair loss in males.
September 2025 in “JCEM Case Reports” Consider rare forms of CAH for accurate diagnosis and treatment.
186 citations
,
February 2015 in “Frontiers in Neuroscience” Testosterone affects brain behavior in complex and varied ways.
5 citations
,
January 2025 in “Science Advances” 5α-reductase 2 is crucial for stress response in male rats.
December 2025 in “Biology Bulletin Reviews” Hair cortisol can indicate animal stress but varies with many factors.
October 2018 in “International Journal of Research in Dermatology” People with androgenetic alopecia are more likely to have metabolic syndrome.
August 2006 in “Experimental dermatology” New treatments targeting insulin, blood flow, and inflammation could improve hormone-related hair conditions with fewer side effects.
35 citations
,
May 2008 in “Drug and Alcohol Dependence” Female mice are less affected by certain substances that alter alcohol consumption compared to male mice.
4 citations
,
May 2024 in “Steroids” The method accurately measures sex hormones in human plasma but can have small errors.
56 citations
,
April 1998 in “Steroids” Finasteride reduces hair loss and treats BPH without major hormone changes, but may cause sexual dysfunction.
1 citations
,
January 2018 in “Journal of Steroids & Hormonal Science” Oral vitamin D treatment can help some children with alopecia areata who have vitamin D deficiency.
51 citations
,
April 1999 in “The Journal of Steroid Biochemistry and Molecular Biology” Testosterone replacement may improve sexual desire and bone health in women with low androgen levels, but more research is needed on its long-term safety.
22 citations
,
January 2017 in “Journal of steroid biochemistry and molecular biology/The Journal of steroid biochemistry and molecular biology” A new method accurately measures nine specific hormones in human blood.
28 citations
,
August 2003 in “Steroids” Hirsute women have lower type 2 17β-HSD enzyme levels, which improve with treatment.
2 citations
,
January 2016 in “Journal of Steroids & Hormonal Science” Women with PCOS and polycystic ovaries have higher male hormone levels and more insulin resistance, especially if they are overweight.
28 citations
,
May 2013 in “The Journal of Steroid Biochemistry and Molecular Biology” Testosterone therapy can improve sexual desire and function in postmenopausal women but should be used cautiously and not based solely on testosterone levels.
32 citations
,
February 2019 in “Journal of neurochemistry” Sex hormones affect brain injury differently in males and females.
1 citations
,
December 2017 in “Journal of The European Academy of Dermatology and Venereology” Vertex baldness has higher DHT levels than frontal baldness, but testosterone and PSA levels are similar.
20 citations
,
August 1987 in “Journal of steroid biochemistry/Journal of Steroid Biochemistry” Aldactone was more effective in reducing hair growth in women with hirsutism than Diane, despite having less impact on hormone levels.
2 citations
,
December 2019 in “Neurobiology of Stress” Changing allopregnanolone levels in baby rats affects their adult behavior and alcohol use.
166 citations
,
March 2007 in “Hypertension” High androgen levels in young women with PCOS are linked to higher blood pressure.
121 citations
,
November 2020 in “Endocrine” Male hormones like testosterone may make COVID-19 worse, and testing for sensitivity to these hormones could help predict how severe a patient's symptoms might be. Treatments that reduce these hormones are being explored.
39 citations
,
September 2012 in “Human Reproduction” Certain genetic variations in the SHBG gene are linked to an increased or decreased risk of PCOS in Mediterranean women.
29 citations
,
June 2004 in “Pharmacology, Biochemistry and Behavior” Finasteride reduces alcohol withdrawal effects, especially in female mice.
10 citations
,
January 2007 in “Dermatology” Sex-determining genes may affect male baldness.
December 2013 in “Macedonian Journal of Medical Sciences” Ovarian steroid cell tumors should be considered in adults with hirsutism and high testosterone, with surgery as the main treatment.
January 2008 in “The Year book of endocrinology” Gene variant linked to prostate cancer, hormone levels, and hair loss.