10 citations
,
May 2009 in “Sexual and Relationship Therapy” The document concludes that hormone therapy is essential for treating gender dysphoria, with specific drugs and monitoring protocols recommended for safety and effectiveness.
176 citations
,
June 2017 in “Sexual Medicine Reviews” Erectile dysfunction is increasingly common in men under 40, with many physical and psychological causes, and various treatment options available.
37 citations
,
January 2009 in “Sexual Development” Fadrozole and Finasteride change frog sex ratios and cause intersex animals with altered gene expressions.
17 citations
,
June 2018 in “Sexual Medicine Reviews” The document concludes that non-operative treatment for gender dysphoria is safe and effective, and hormone therapy does not increase cancer risk.
14 citations
,
December 2016 in “Sexual Medicine” Finasteride side effects in young men may be linked to specific gene variations.
10 citations
,
November 2014 in “Sexual medicine reviews” Effective, well-tolerated, and affordable treatments are needed for recurrent ischemic priapism.
5 citations
,
August 2018 in “Sexual Medicine Reviews” 5α-Reductase inhibitors do not consistently increase testosterone levels in the blood.
1 citations
,
March 2021 in “The Journal of Sexual Medicine” The letter suggests testosterone replacement therapy might worsen COVID-19 outcomes.
December 2020 in “Current Sexual Health Reports” Finasteride can have lasting negative effects on brain function and behavior by disrupting neurosteroid production.
110 citations
,
October 2013 in “The Journal of Sexual Medicine” Testosterone treatment in trans men increases body and facial hair and may lead to hair loss over time, but severe skin issues are rare.
71 citations
,
August 2019 in “The journal of sexual medicine” Testosterone treatment effectively causes male physical development in transgender male adolescents but may lead to side effects like acne, higher BMI and blood pressure, lower good cholesterol, and decreased bone density.
36 citations
,
May 2017 in “The journal of sexual medicine” Cyproterone acetate treatment is safe and causes mild feminization, which increases with added estrogen.
29 citations
,
July 2013 in “The Journal of Sexual Medicine” Testing for CAG repeat polymorphism in the androgen receptor gene is not currently recommended for managing hypogonadism.
25 citations
,
February 2012 in “The Journal of Sexual Medicine” Finasteride reduces corpus cavernosum weight but doesn't affect erectile response in rats.
July 2025 in “Archives of Sexual Behavior” Men's facial appearance shows age, body fat, and testosterone levels, not metabolic health.
December 2016 in “The Journal of Sexual Medicine” Short-acting testosterone injections in a clinic are a preferred treatment for low testosterone because they work well, are convenient, and patients stick with the treatment.
24 citations
,
January 2011 in “Sexual Development” Intersex frogs have different brain gene activity related to sex and thyroid hormones.
2 citations
,
July 2022 in “Sexual Medicine” Certain medications, especially 5-α reductase inhibitors and neuropsychiatric drugs, are often linked to erectile dysfunction.
2 citations
,
November 2016 in “Current sexual health reports” Over-the-counter products can help with menopause symptoms, but be aware of their ingredients.
4 citations
,
August 2024 in “International Journal of Impotence Research” Low testosterone increases kidney stone risk in men not on testosterone therapy.
7 citations
,
January 2018 in “Australian Prescriber” Some sports supplements can cause health issues like mood swings, hair loss, and heart problems in men.
1 citations
,
May 2025 in “International Journal of Impotence Research” Older age and low testosterone increase the risk of kidney stones in men.
467 citations
,
October 2014 in “European Journal of Endocrinology” The European Society of Endocrinology advises individualized long-term management for PCOS, focusing on lifestyle changes, accurate diagnosis, and treatments for associated health risks and symptoms.
20 citations
,
November 2012 in “Journal der Deutschen Dermatologischen Gesellschaft” Hair diseases can have psychological effects and should be treated with a combination of psychosomatic care, therapy, and medication.
15 citations
,
September 2015 in “Journal der Deutschen Dermatologischen Gesellschaft” Skin doctors should recognize and treat conditions like hair-pulling and skin-picking early, often using therapy and medication, to help 50-70% of patients.
Women's hair treatments in ancient Mesopotamia involved amulets, while men's treatments used topical applications.
50 citations
,
November 2010 in “Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery” Botox increased hair count in men with baldness and might work by improving scalp blood flow.
20 citations
,
July 2015 in “Journal der Deutschen Dermatologischen Gesellschaft” Green tea may help with skin health and protect against UV damage, but more research is needed to confirm its safety and effectiveness.
1 citations
,
April 2017 in “European Psychiatry” A patient's allergic reaction to clozapine resolved without stopping the medication, showing the importance of blood monitoring.
Orthognathic surgeons play a key role in modifying masculine facial features to be more feminine, often improving transgender women's quality of life.