36 citations
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January 2007 in “Archives of Histology and Cytology” Type IV collagen chains vary in different parts of human skin, with specific patterns linked to melanocytes.
8 citations
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August 2022 in “BMC Veterinary Research” C57BL/6 mice and SD rats have different sweat gland and hair follicle patterns, useful for skin research.
405 citations
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January 2004 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology” Hair follicle size and distribution vary significantly across different body sites.
17 citations
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June 1994 in “Archiv für Pathologische Anatomie und Physiologie und für Klinische Medicin” Tenascin is present in normal skin and certain skin tumors but not in sebaceous glands or their tumors.
July 2023 in “Research Square (Research Square)” Skin's uneven surface and hair follicles affect its stress and strain but don't change its overall strength, and help prevent the skin from peeling apart.
9 citations
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February 2021 in “Frontiers in Cell and Developmental Biology” Older mice have stiffer skin with less elasticity due to changes in collagen and skin structure, affecting aging and hair loss.
318 citations
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October 1998 in “The Journal of Cell Biology” Keratin 17 is important for skin development and may help define skin cell types.
4 citations
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September 1992 in “Journal of Small Animal Practice” A French bulldog had sparse hair due to a condition similar to that seen in Chinese crested dogs.
59 citations
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January 2005 in “Endocrine Journal” Sex steroids influence skin appendage function and neoplasm development, with changes in AR and ERalpha in certain gland neoplasms.
1 citations
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July 2005 in “Drugs and the pharmaceutical sciences” Targeting drugs to hair follicles can treat skin conditions, but reaching deep follicle areas is hard and needs more research.
10 citations
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June 2016 in “Wound Repair and Regeneration” The microenvironment, especially mechanical forces, plays a crucial role in hair growth and could lead to new treatments for hair loss.
January 2024 in “bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory)” The gene Ascl4 is not necessary for the development of hair, teeth, or mammary glands.
55 citations
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June 2009 in “Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences” Minoxidil promotes hair growth by penetrating skin, with ethanol-containing formulas working best.
36 citations
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November 2019 in “Molecular biology and evolution” Cysteine-rich keratins evolved independently in mammals, reptiles, and birds for hard skin structures like hair, claws, and feathers.
54 citations
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October 2002 in “Journal of controlled release” Medium lipophilic substances penetrate skin best, and adding ethanol can increase delivery to hair follicles.
68 citations
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June 2005 in “Expert Opinion on Therapeutic Targets” Oestrogens help maintain healthy skin, heal wounds, and may protect against skin aging and cancer.
71 citations
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February 2020 in “Journal of Translational Medicine” Progress has been made in skin and nerve regeneration, but more research is needed to improve methods and ensure safety.
19 citations
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January 2011 in “Obstetrics and gynecology international” Red clover extract improved hair, skin, mood, sleep, and tiredness in postmenopausal women.
3 citations
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September 2023 in “Frontiers in immunology” Chronic inflammatory skin diseases are caused by disrupted interactions between skin cells and immune cells.
25 citations
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September 2006 in “Birth Defects Research” Different processes create patterns in skin and things like hair and feathers.
2 citations
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August 2020 in “Scientific reports” Genes related to keratin, skin cell differentiation, and immune functions are key in hedgehog skin and spine development.
May 2020 in “bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory)” The study found that certain genes are important for hedgehog skin appendage development and immunity, with spines possibly evolving for protection and infection resistance.
41 citations
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December 2018 in “Experimental Dermatology” Understanding how melanocyte stem cells work could lead to new treatments for hair graying and skin pigmentation disorders.
8 citations
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August 2016 in “Journal of pathology and translational medicine” CD99 is highly present in certain skin cells and could help treat skin conditions.
57 citations
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August 1997 in “Microscopy Research and Technique” New molecules involved in skin and hair growth were identified, improving understanding and future treatments.
18 citations
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May 2023 in “Science Advances” Activating the sonic hedgehog pathway in chicken embryos can permanently change scales to feathers.
September 2025 in “Frontiers in Cell and Developmental Biology” Retinoic acid may help heal skin without scars by reducing fibrosis and supporting skin regeneration.
February 2025 in “Animals” Understanding proteins in skin structures like claws and hair is crucial for future research.
68 citations
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April 2014 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology” Trichohyalin-like proteins are essential for the development of skin structures like hair, nails, and feathers.
6 citations
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July 2015 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology” Chicken feather gene mutation helps understand human hair disorders.