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GlossarySebum Production

process where skin glands release oil to protect skin

Sebum production, also known as sebum secretion or oil production, is the process by which sebaceous glands in the skin produce and release an oily substance called sebum. This natural oil helps to lubricate and protect the skin and hair, maintaining moisture and providing a barrier against external contaminants. Overproduction of sebum can lead to oily skin and contribute to conditions like acne, while underproduction can result in dry, flaky skin.

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Effects of Sex Steroid Deprivation and Administration on Hair Growth and Skin Sebum Production in Transsexual Males and Females

research Effects of Sex Steroid Deprivation/Administration on Hair Growth and Skin Sebum Production in Transsexual Males and Females

176 citations , August 2000 in “The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism/Journal of clinical endocrinology & metabolism”

Hormone treatments in transsexual individuals reduce hair growth and oil production in male-to-females and increase them in female-to-males.

research Regional difference in sebum production by androgen susceptibility in human facial skin

14 citations , December 2013 in “Experimental Dermatology”

The T-zone on the face has more androgen receptors and produces more oil than the U-zone.

Sebum Production: Analysis, Impact, and Measurement Methods

research Sebum Production

1 citations , September 2016 in “Springer eBooks”

Sebum production varies by individual and is influenced by age, gender, and hormones, affecting skin and hair health.

research Gender Differences in Production and Circulating Levels of Sex Hormones and Their Impact on Aging Skin

September 2014 in “Springer eBooks”

Men and women experience skin aging differently due to changes in sex hormone levels with age.

(1R,2S)-4-(2-Cyano-Cyclohexyl-Oxy)-2-Trifluoromethyl-Benzonitrile, A Potent Androgen Receptor Antagonist For Stimulating Hair Growth And Reducing Sebum Production

research (1R,2S)-4-(2-Cyano-cyclohexyl-oxy)-2-trifluoromethyl-benzonitrile, a potent androgen receptor antagonist for stimulating hair growth and reducing sebum production

14 citations , August 2007 in “Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry Letters”

The compound (1R,2S)-4-(2-Cyano-cyclohexyl-oxy)-2-trifluoromethyl-benzonitrile can stimulate hair growth and reduce oil production when applied topically.

research 548 Deletion of Myelin Protein Zero-like 3 increases sebaceous gland size and sebocyte proliferation but reduces skin adipose depots: Can MPZL3 inhibition promote excessive loss of lipids via sebum hypersecretion?

November 2022 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology”

Deleting MPZL3 increases skin oil production and reduces body fat.

research On the effects of a plant extract of Orthosiphon stamineus on sebum-related skin imperfections

17 citations , August 2010 in “International Journal of Cosmetic Science”

Orthosiphon stamineus leaf extract reduces oily skin and improves complexion better than zinc gluconate.

research Immunolocalization of 5α-Reductase Isozymes in Acne Lesions and Normal Skin

45 citations , September 2000 in “Archives of dermatology”

The study found that the enzyme linked to acne is present in the same areas of both acne-affected and normal skin.

research Skin and glucocorticoids: effects of local skin glucocorticoid impairment on skin homeostasis

18 citations , October 2014 in “Experimental Dermatology”

Local skin glucocorticoid production is crucial for healthy skin, and its disruption can lead to skin diseases.

research Structure and Function of the Skin

6 citations , January 2009 in “Elsevier eBooks”

The skin has multiple layers and cells, serves as a protective barrier, helps regulate temperature, enables sensation, affects appearance, and is involved in vitamin D synthesis.

research Oestrogen functions in skin and skin appendages

68 citations , June 2005 in “Expert Opinion on Therapeutic Targets”

Oestrogens help maintain healthy skin, heal wounds, and may protect against skin aging and cancer.

research Age-Related Changes in Male Skin: Quantitative Evaluation of One Hundred and Fifty Male Subjects

40 citations , July 2013 in “Skin Pharmacology and Physiology”

Male skin gets drier and more alkaline as it ages, which may need different skincare than women's skin.

research The effects of narrowbands of visible light upon some skin disorders: a review

17 citations , December 2015 in “International Journal of Cosmetic Science”

Visible light can improve skin disorders and hair loss, but more research is needed to understand long-term effects.

research Decay of Skin-Specific Gene Modules in Pangolins

1 citations , May 2023 in “Journal of molecular evolution”

Pangolins have lost some skin-related genes, but kept others, leading to their unique scales and skin features.

research EEMCO Guidance for the in vivo Assessment of Skin Greasiness

137 citations , January 2000 in “Skin Pharmacology and Physiology”

The document recommends using both clinical evaluation and various measurement methods to assess skin greasiness, considering factors like temperature and hormones.

research Acetyl-CoA synthesis in the skin is a key determinant of systemic lipid homeostasis

5 citations , February 2025 in “Cell Reports”

Skin acetyl-CoA synthesis is crucial for overall lipid balance.

research Soy Protein Containing Isoflavones Improves Facial Signs of Photoaging and Skin Hydration in Postmenopausal Women: Results of a Prospective Randomized Double-Blind Controlled Trial

5 citations , September 2023 in “Nutrients”

Soy protein with isoflavones reduces wrinkles and improves skin hydration in postmenopausal women.

research Sexual Hormones in Human Skin

305 citations , February 2007 in “Hormone and metabolic research”

Human skin makes sexual hormones that affect hair growth, skin health, and healing; too much can cause acne and hair loss, while treatments can manage these conditions.

research Gender-linked differences in human skin

205 citations , July 2009 in “Journal of Dermatological Science”

Male and female skin differ in many ways, which could lead to gender-specific skin treatments.

research Gender differences in skin: A review of the literature

152 citations , December 2007 in “Gender Medicine”

Male and female skin differ due to hormones, affecting conditions like hair loss, acne, and skin cancer, and suggesting a need for gender-specific treatments.

research Skin climacteric aging and hormone replacement therapy

27 citations , March 2006 in “Journal of cosmetic dermatology”

HRT helps improve skin issues caused by menopause.

research Pharmacological Inhibition of Stearoyl CoA Desaturase in the Skin Induces Atrophy of the Sebaceous Glands

25 citations , February 2013 in “The journal of investigative dermatology/Journal of investigative dermatology”

Blocking SCD1 in the skin with XEN103 shrinks sebaceous glands in mice.

research Skin Barrier Dysfunction in Acne Vulgaris: Pathogenesis and Therapeutic Approaches

18 citations , October 2024 in “Medical Science Monitor”

Improving skin barrier function is crucial for better acne treatment.

research Skin, hair and beyond: the impact of menopause

14 citations , April 2022 in “Climacteric”

Menopause causes dry skin, wrinkles, and hair changes, with hormone therapy helping but not recommended just for these issues.

research Impact of Testosterone on Hair and Skin

4 citations , January 2015 in “Endocrinology & metabolic syndrome”

Testosterone can cause acne and male-pattern baldness, affects hair growth in men and women, and makes male skin more sensitive.

research Convergent Decay of Skin-specific Gene Modules in Pangolins

1 citations , December 2022 in “bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory)”

Pangolins have lost some skin-related genes, but kept others, showing complex skin evolution.

research The fatty acids and the skin: a focus on the n-6 family of unsaturated fatty acids

1 citations , January 2012 in “Human health handbooks”

Linoleic acid is important for healthy skin, and while most people get enough from their diet, not having enough can cause skin and hair problems.

research Balancing Hormones and Skin Health: A Focus on Oral Contraceptives in Dermatology

April 2025 in “La Prensa Medica”

Oral contraceptives help treat acne and hair issues by balancing hormones but need careful use due to possible side effects.

research Skin manifestations and biophysical changes following weight reduction induced by bariatric surgery: A 2‐year prospective study

September 2023 in “The Journal of Dermatology”

Bariatric surgery improved many skin conditions in obese patients but caused hair loss in some and decreased facial oil and skin elasticity.

Skin Manifestations and Biophysical Properties in Patients With Morbid Obesity and Changes After Weight Loss: A Two-Year Prospective Study

research 393 Skin manifestations and biophysical properties in patients with morbid obesity and changes after weight loss: A two-year prospective study

April 2023 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology”

Weight loss surgery improved several skin conditions in obese patients but often caused hair loss.