August 2026 in “Regenerative Biomaterials” This review discusses the limitations of conventional animal models and two-dimensional cultures in studying cutaneous pigmentary disorders such as vitiligo, melasma, post-inflammatory hyperpigmentation, and solar/senile lentigines. It evaluates advanced in vitro models, including ex vivo explants, co-cultures, three-dimensional skin equivalents, bioprinted constructs, organoids, and skin-on-a-chip platforms. These models are assessed based on their ability to replicate human pigmentation processes, disease-specific pathological processes, and their potential for mechanistic studies and therapeutic evaluation. The review highlights challenges such as vascular and immune integration, long-term stability, and regulatory acceptance, emphasizing the need for improved models within the framework of New Approach Methodologies.
12 citations
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September 2024 in “JID Innovations” Skin-on-a-chip devices better mimic human skin for research.
July 2026 in “Frontiers in Bioengineering and Biotechnology” A combination of advanced human-relevant models and new technologies is needed to improve wound healing research.
January 2026 in “Lab on a Chip” Organoids and hair-on-chip technologies show promise for hair regeneration but face clinical challenges.
New bio-ink can print complex tissues and organs.
208 citations
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January 2013 in “Lab on a Chip” The Multi-Organ-Chip improves the growth and quality of skin and hair in the lab, potentially replacing animal testing.
February 2026 in “International Journal of Molecular Sciences” 3D human skin models show promise for dermatology but face challenges in standardization and cost.
January 2026 in “Microsystems & Nanoengineering” New technologies replicate human skin for testing without animals.
February 2026 in “Advanced Sensor Research” Advanced technologies can improve understanding and monitoring of skin-brain interactions.
October 2022 in “Experimental Dermatology” New technologies show promise for better hair regeneration and treatments.
69 citations
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June 2017 in “Experimental Biology and Medicine” Advanced human skin models improve drug development and could replace animal testing.
1 citations
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January 2019 in “Elsevier eBooks” New scaffold materials help heal severe skin wounds and improve skin regeneration.
32 citations
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August 2024 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology” In vitro skin models are improving but still need more innovation to fully replicate human skin.
7 citations
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August 2025 in “Journal of Nanobiotechnology” Bioengineered microneedles and nanomedicine offer promising, precise treatments for tissue regeneration.
June 2026 in “Advanced Science” New cryomicroneedles can improve hair growth and regeneration.
32 citations
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June 2024 in “Pharmaceutics” Nanoformulations improve drug delivery through the skin, reducing side effects and enhancing effectiveness.
19 citations
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October 2024 in “Molecular Pharmaceutics” Microneedles improve delivery of plant-based compounds through the skin, aiding treatments for hair loss, cancer, and wounds.
May 2026 in “Organoid Research” Hydrogel-based methods improve skin organoid development for medical and research applications.
January 2026 in “Frontiers in Drug Discovery” Transforming skin disease treatment requires new strategies, better drug models, and patient-focused research.
13 citations
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January 2025 in “Lab on a Chip” Capillary microfluidic wearables are promising for non-invasive health monitoring through sweat and saliva.
June 2018 in “Journal of Acupuncture and Meridian Studies” New technologies in acupuncture and biosensors show promise for better medical treatments and healing.
December 2025 in “Advanced Healthcare Materials” The Spherical Skin Model improves drug and cosmetic testing by accurately mimicking human skin for efficient compound screening.
184 citations
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December 2018 in “Nature Communications” Researchers created human hair follicles using a new method that could help treat hair loss.
1 citations
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January 2026 in “Science Advances” The 3D skin model mimics pemphigus vulgaris and helps test treatments.
17 citations
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May 2025 in “MedComm” Organoid technology is improving personalized medicine by better predicting drug responses and treatments.
25 citations
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August 2010 in “Acta Biomaterialia” Researchers developed a method to grow hair follicle cells for transplantation using a special chip.
125 citations
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March 2017 in “Micromachines” Microfluidic technology improves cell spheroid creation for better drug testing and tissue engineering.
January 2018 in “Stem cell biology and regenerative medicine” The conclusion is that the nuclear lamina and LINC complex in skin cells respond to mechanical signals, affecting gene expression and cell differentiation, which is important for skin health and can impact skin diseases.
April 2026 in “Journal of Pharmaceutical Investigation” Nanotechnology could improve treatment for scars and atopic dermatitis by targeting skin issues more effectively.
January 2026 in “Nanoscale Advances” Microneedles combined with light therapy can improve skin disease diagnosis and treatment.