35 citations
,
October 2004 in “Biology of Reproduction” PNU157706 reduced rat sperm movement and fertility without affecting offspring health.
2 citations
,
September 2017 in “Archives of Medical Science” Finasteride affects offspring's antioxidant enzymes in epididymis, possibly disrupting sperm maturation.
18 citations
,
October 2021 in “Frontiers in Physiology” Lipocalin-Type Prostaglandin D2 Synthase (L-PGDS) is a protein that plays many roles in the body, including sleep regulation, pain management, food intake, and protection against harmful substances. It also affects fat metabolism, glucose intolerance, cell maturation, and is involved in various diseases like diabetes, cancer, and arthritis. It can influence sex organ development and embryonic cell differentiation, and its levels can be used as a diagnostic marker for certain conditions.
10 citations
,
September 2015 in “Folia Histochemica Et Cytobiologica” Finasteride treatment in male rats can reduce fertility and affect sperm development in their offspring.
48 citations
,
February 2006 in “Molecular and Cellular Endocrinology” 5α-reductase inhibitors may reduce male fertility and could be used for male contraception.
26 citations
,
September 2005 in “Pharmacology Biochemistry and Behavior” 5alpha-reductase 2 is crucial for proper male brain development and sexual differentiation.
11 citations
,
February 2011 in “International Journal of Molecular Sciences” Different sPLA2 enzymes have unique roles in phospholipid metabolism and biological processes.
June 2022 in “Journal of Experimental Biology and Agricultural Sciences” Higher testosterone harms sperm motility, while higher estradiol improves sperm survival.
26 citations
,
October 2014 in “Andrologia” Infertile men are more likely to produce sperm with abnormal chromosome numbers, which can affect pregnancy success and embryo health.
February 2026 in “Molecular Imaging and Radionuclide Therapy” High-dose radioactive iodine therapy does not harm fertility in thyroidectomy patients.
January 2025 in “The World Journal of Men s Health” Intratesticular PRP injections are safe but not proven to improve sperm retrieval in certain infertile men.
58 citations
,
March 2013 in “Human Reproduction Update” Products should be called 'sperm-safe' only after thorough, well-designed tests.
90 citations
,
October 1998 in “Animal Reproduction Science” Mouflon rams mature gradually with changes in body, horns, and hormones linked to age and seasons, reaching full sexual maturity well after puberty.
October 1988 in “Pediatric research” Certain maturity signs appear before and after the first release of sperm in boys.
3 citations
,
April 2012 in “Fertility and Sterility” Finasteride may cause infertility in rats by affecting epididymis and sperm function.
1 citations
,
September 2013 in “Fertility and Sterility” Finasteride discontinuation increases sperm count in men.
77 citations
,
June 2015 in “Nature Reviews Urology” Some common medications can harm male fertility, but many effects can be reversed.
18 citations
,
June 2009 in “Journal of Molecular Endocrinology” Finasteride exposure harms tadpole reproduction and hormone balance.
54 citations
,
September 2013 in “Fertility and Sterility” Finasteride can reduce fertility in some men, but stopping it increases sperm count.
4 citations
,
October 2020 in “Toxicology Mechanisms and Methods” Hesperidin protects rat testicles from finasteride damage and improves sperm health.
2 citations
,
March 2021 in “Reproduction” Finasteride may affect male fertility by interfering with specific sperm signaling.
2 citations
,
January 2015 in “Springer eBooks” Environmental factors and exposure to toxins may contribute to male infertility by affecting sperm and hormone function.
January 2026 in “Frontiers in Pharmacology” Certain drugs can cause male infertility, so fertility counseling and sperm preservation are advised.
April 2015 in “Andrology” HNG may help prevent the negative effects of chemotherapy on sperm production and white blood cell counts.
72 citations
,
October 1998 in “Baillière's clinical endocrinology and metabolism” Long-term testosterone therapy can cause hormone suppression, affect prostate and heart health, and alter physical characteristics, but does not increase prostate cancer risk and needs more research for full risk assessment.
18 citations
,
March 2015 in “Journal of Endocrinological Investigation” The research suggests that the ZP4 gene is linked to egg development in women with PCOS but requires more study to understand its role in infertility.
14 citations
,
January 2018 in “Advances in Clinical Chemistry” The document concludes that hormonal biomarkers are key for diagnosing hyperandrogenemia in women and hypogonadism in men.
13 citations
,
January 2019 in “Endocrine journal” Dihydrotestosterone treatment can help penis growth in boys with 5α-reductase deficiency but doesn't fully normalize size after puberty.
1 citations
,
September 2023 in “Journal of Education Health and Sport” Anabolic-androgenic steroids are dangerous and educating people about their risks is essential.
Stem cells regenerate tissues and their behavior varies by environment, suggesting the hematopoietic system model may need revision.